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      Is Postural Hypotension a Real Problem with Antihypertensive Medication?

      review-article
      Cardiology
      S. Karger AG
      Antihypertensive medication, α-Blocker, β-Blocker, Postural hypotension

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          Abstract

          Historically, postural hypotension has been cited as a consideration which might influence the selection of antihypertensive therapy. The common symptoms (dizziness, blackouts, syncope) give cause for concern but they are not attributed to every class of antihypertensive drug. For example, administration of a β-blocker is not generally associated with symptomatic postural hypotension, whereas the α-blocker prazosin was particularly problematical, with a significant and well-recognized risk of first-dose postural effects. Titration from a low starting dose and careful selection/monitoring of patients have been successfully used to circumvent this problem. However, since there is a relatively high incidence of postural hypotensive symptoms in elderly patients in general, it may be a misconception to attribute such symptoms to any particular type of antihypertensive drug. Furthermore, with the newer α<sub>1</sub>-blockers, such as doxazosin, which have a more gradual onset of action, there is a markedly reduced tendency for postural hypotension to occur. Thus, it is perhaps time to reassess the real significance of iatrogenic postural hypotension in the selection of antihypertensive therapy.

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          Most cited references2

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          Low prevalence of postural hypotension among community-dwelling elderly.

          Postural hypotension (PH) has a prevalence of about 20% in most large studies of elderly individuals; however, these studies do not exclude subjects with diseases and medications known to cause PH. We sought to determine the prevalence of PH in healthy, community-living, elderly individuals in contrast to those with known risk factors for the condition. We measured supine and one-minute standing blood pressures in 300 independently living elderly persons who visited a senior citizen health screening program. Subjects were divided into two groups: those with known risk factors (n = 175) and those without (n = 125). The prevalence of PH (systolic decrease, greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg) for for the entire population was 10.7%. In the group with risk factors, the prevalence was 13.7% (24/175), compared with 6.4% in the group without risk factors (8/125). Supine hypertension was associated with PH, but there was no relationship between the presence of PH and age, history of falls, symptoms on standing, or recent meal. These data suggest that PH is a relatively uncommon finding in healthy elderly, its prevalence is significantly related to risk factors, and its association with falls or symptoms may be less than previously reported.
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            Postural hypotension and postural dizziness in elderly women. The study of osteoporotic fractures. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group.

            Postural hypotension and dizziness are common findings in elderly individuals. Although postural hypotension and postural dizziness are often perceived to be strongly associated entities, evidence to support this view in sparse. In addition, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the relationship of postural hypotension and postural dizziness to potential clinical outcomes, such as falls, syncope, and restricted activity.
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              Author and article information

              Journal
              CRD
              Cardiology
              10.1159/issn.0008-6312
              Cardiology
              S. Karger AG
              978-3-8055-7309-2
              978-3-318-00774-9
              0008-6312
              1421-9751
              2001
              2001
              08 November 2001
              : 96
              : Suppl 1
              : 19-24
              Affiliations
              University of Glasgow, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
              Article
              49097 Cardiology 2001;96(suppl 1):19–24
              10.1159/000049097
              11574742
              9a720bad-efec-4b11-962f-ed9280bee96c
              © 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel

              Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

              History
              Page count
              Figures: 2, Tables: 3, References: 36, Pages: 6
              Categories
              Paper

              General medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Internal medicine,Nephrology
              Postural hypotension,β-Blocker,Antihypertensive medication,α-Blocker

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