Detection of Rotavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Zagazig University Hospitals in Egypt

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Abstract

Introduction:

Rotavirus is the major cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in infants and young children all over the world. The objective of the study was to compare different methods for detecting rotavirus and to assess the burden of rotavirus as a causative agent for AGE in children younger than five.

Methods:

This case control study included 65 children with AGE and 35 healthy control children. They were chosen from the Pediatric Department of Zagazig University Hospitals from October 2014 to March 2015. Stool samples were obtained and assayed for rotavirus by the immunochromatography test (ICT), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real time RT-PCR (qr RT-PCR).

Results:

Fifty out of the 65 patients (76.9%) were positive for qr RT-PCR. Forty-five (69.2%) and 44 (67.7%) were positive for ICT and ELISA, respectively. There was a significant association between the severity of the disease as determined by the Vesikari score and rotavirus infection.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that ICT is a useful method for the rapid screening of group A rotavirus in fecal specimens, because it is rapid, inexpensive, easy to perform, and requires very little equipment. In addition, this study highlights the substantial health burden of rotavirus AGE among children less than five.

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Most cited references 33

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2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Jacqueline E. Tate, Anthony Burton, Cynthia Boschi-Pinto … (2012)

WHO recommends routine use of rotavirus vaccines in all countries, particularly in those with high mortality attributable to diarrhoeal diseases. To establish the burden of life-threatening rotavirus disease before the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine, we aimed to update the estimated number of deaths worldwide in children younger than 5 years due to diarrhoea attributable to rotavirus infection. We used PubMed to identify studies of at least 100 children younger than 5 years who had been admitted to hospital with diarrhoea. Additionally, we required the studies to have a data collection midpoint of the year 2000 or later, to be done in full-year increments, and to assesses diarrhoea attributable to rotavirus with EIAs or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We also included data from countries that participated in the WHO-coordinated Global Rotavirus Surveillance Network (consisting of participating member states during 2009) and that met study criteria. For countries that have introduced a rotavirus vaccine into their national immunisation programmes, we excluded data subsequent to the introduction. We classified studies into one of five groups on the basis of region and the level of child mortality in the country in which the study was done. For each group, to obtain estimates of rotavirus-associated mortality, we multiplied the random-effect mean rotavirus detection rate by the 2008 diarrhoea-related mortality figures for countries in that group. We derived the worldwide mortality estimate by summing our regional estimates. Worldwide in 2008, diarrhoea attributable to rotavirus infection resulted in 453,000 deaths (95% CI 420,000-494,000) in children younger than 5 years-37% of deaths attributable to diarrhoea and 5% of all deaths in children younger than 5 years. Five countries accounted for more than half of all deaths attributable to rotavirus infection: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan; India alone accounted for 22% of deaths (98,621 deaths). Introduction of effective and available rotavirus vaccines could substantially affect worldwide deaths attributable to diarrhoea. Our new estimates can be used to advocate for rotavirus vaccine introduction and to monitor the effect of vaccination on mortality once introduced. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Detection by PCR of eight groups of enteric pathogens in 4,627 faecal samples: re-examination of the English case-control Infectious Intestinal Disease Study (1993-1996).

Jim Gray, Elisabeth Alexandra Maclure, Corinne F L Amar … (2007)

The English case-control Infectious Intestinal Disease Study (1993-1996) failed to detect an enteric pathogen or toxin in 49% of cases of gastroenteritis. In the present study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were applied to DNA and cDNA generated from 4,627 faecal samples from cases and controls archived during the original study for the detection of norovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp. The percentage of archived samples from cases and from controls in which at least one agent (or toxin) was detected increased from 53% in the original study to 75% and from 19 to 42%, respectively, after the application of PCR assays. Among cases, the following percentages of enteric pathogens were detected: norovirus 36%, rotavirus A 31%, sapovirus 4%, Salmonella spp. 6%, Campylobacter jejuni 13%, Campylobacter coli 2%, other Campylobacter spp. 8%, enteroaggregative E. coli 6%, Giardia spp. 2%, and Cryptosporidium spp. 2%. The present study provides additional insight into the aetiology of infectious intestinal disease in England and highlights the occurrence of viral infections in cases as well as in asymptomatic individuals. Other notable findings include the frequent presence of Campylobacter spp. other than C. jejuni or C. coli, the high frequency of multiple agents in 41% of cases and in 13% of controls, and the variation in the aetiology and rate of infection found for different age groups. The results demonstrate the greater sensitivity of PCR-based methods compared to current conventional methods.

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Burden and epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in selected African countries: preliminary results from the African Rotavirus Surveillance Network.

Michael Steele, Nicholas Kiulia, Njiki Mina Ntoto … (2010)

Severe rotavirus diarrhea in children <5 years of age is a major public health problem; however, limited regional and country specific data on rotavirus disease burden are available from sub-Saharan Africa. In June 2006, the World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa initiated rotavirus surveillance in selected African countries. With use of standardized methodology developed by the World Health Organization, children <5 years of age who were hospitalized with severe diarrhea were enrolled, and stool specimens were collected for detection of rotavirus strains with use of a commercial enzyme immunoassay. Rotavirus strains were further characterized for G and P types with use of a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. From June 2006 through December 2008, rotavirus surveillance was established at 14 sites in 11 African countries. Of 5461 stool samples collected from children enrolled in 8 countries with 1 or 2 complete years of data, 2200 (40%) were positive for rotavirus. Ninety percent of all rotavirus hospitalizations occurred among children aged 3-12 months. Predominant types included G1P[8] (21%), G2P[4] (7%), and P [8] (29%); however, unusual types were also detected, including G8P[6] (5%), G8P[8] (1%), G12P[6] (1%), and G12P[6] (1%). A high percentage of mixed rotavirus infections was also detected. These preliminary results indicate that rotavirus is a major cause of severe diarrheal disease in African children.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Electron Physician

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Electron Physician

Journal ID (publisher-id): Electronic physician

Title: Electronic Physician

Publisher: Electronic physician

ISSN (Electronic): 2008-5842

Publication date Collection: September 2015

Publication date (Electronic): 16 September 2015

Volume: 7

Issue: 5

Pages: 1227-1233

Affiliations

[1 ]Medical Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

[2 ]Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

[3 ]Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

Author notes

iThenticate screening: August 17, 2015, English editing: August 25, 2015, Quality control: August 30, 2015

Corresponding author: Professor Dr. Salwa Badrelsabbah Ibrahim, Medical Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt. Tel: +20.1001747885, E-mail: salwaelsabbah@ 123456yahoo.com

Article

Publisher ID: epj-07-1227

DOI: 10.14661/1227

PMC ID: 4590557

SO-VID: 9a826422-b99b-4b85-ab03-0c18b2937603

License:

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Detection of Rotavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Zagazig University Hospitals in Egypt

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Abstract

Introduction:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

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Biomarkers for Inflammatory Lung Disease

Most cited references 33

2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Detection by PCR of eight groups of enteric pathogens in 4,627 faecal samples: re-examination of the English case-control Infectious Intestinal Disease Study (1993-1996).

Burden and epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in selected African countries: preliminary results from the African Rotavirus Surveillance Network.

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