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      Impacts of climatic variation on trout: a global synthesis and path forward

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          The Natural Flow Regime

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            Uses and misuses of bioclimatic envelope modeling.

            Bioclimatic envelope models use associations between aspects of climate and species' occurrences to estimate the conditions that are suitable to maintain viable populations. Once bioclimatic envelopes are characterized, they can be applied to a variety of questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation. However, some have questioned the usefulness of these models, because they may be based on implausible assumptions or may be contradicted by empirical evidence. We review these areas of contention, and suggest that criticism has often been misplaced, resulting from confusion between what the models actually deliver and what users wish that they would express. Although improvements in data and methods will have some effect, the usefulness of these models is contingent on their appropriate use, and they will improve mainly via better awareness of their conceptual basis, strengths, and limitations.
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              Human-induced changes in the hydrology of the western United States.

              Observations have shown that the hydrological cycle of the western United States changed significantly over the last half of the 20th century. We present a regional, multivariable climate change detection and attribution study, using a high-resolution hydrologic model forced by global climate models, focusing on the changes that have already affected this primarily arid region with a large and growing population. The results show that up to 60% of the climate-related trends of river flow, winter air temperature, and snow pack between 1950 and 1999 are human-induced. These results are robust to perturbation of study variates and methods. They portend, in conjunction with previous work, a coming crisis in water supply for the western United States.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries
                Rev Fish Biol Fisheries
                Springer Nature
                0960-3166
                1573-5184
                June 2016
                December 2015
                : 26
                : 2
                : 135-151
                Article
                10.1007/s11160-015-9414-x
                9a85307e-b496-4117-beb9-55e8d699c13f
                © 2016
                History

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