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Abstract
Familial clustering of incident prostate cancer and some cancers at other discordant
sites has been reported. Less is known about familial clustering of fatal prostate
cancer with any fatal discordant cancers. Estimates on familial aggregation based
on mortality are free from bias of overdiagnosis.
We used the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database to calculate standardized incidence
ratios (SIRs) for incident prostate cancer for relatives of patients with any common
cancer and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for death in prostate cancer for relatives
of individuals who died from cancer. Similar risks were determined for any common
cancer when relatives were affected by prostate cancer.
We observed familial aggregation of incident and fatal prostate cancers. Familial
clustering (SIRs increased) of prostate cancer and of cancers at discordant sites
was found for breast, ovarian, and kidney cancers and melanoma. Also, fatal prostate
cancer clustered with these and cervical cancers (SMRs increased).
Our findings demonstrate that familial aggregation of prostate and breast cancers
are not due to shared screening habits. The data on the association of cancers at
discordant sites might be useful for clinical counseling and for mechanistic studies
searching explanations to the familial clustering between discordant cancers.