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      Montreal classification of patient operated for Crohn's disease and identification of surgical recurrence predictors Translated title: Caracterização de pacientes operados por doença de Crohn pela classificação de Montreal e identificação de fatores preditores de sua recorrência cirúrgica

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          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE: to evaluate Crohn's disease recurrence and its possible predictors in patients undergoing surgical treatment. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study with Crohn's disease (CD) patients undergoing surgical treatment between January 1992 and January 2012, and regularly monitored at the Bowel Clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas of the UFMG. RESULTS: we evaluated 125 patients, 50.4% female, with a mean age of 46.12 years, the majority (63.2%) diagnosed between 17 and 40 years of age. The ileum was involved in 58.4%, whereas stenotic behavior was observed in 44.8%, and penetrating, in 45.6%. We observed perianal disease in 26.4% of cases. The follow-up average was 152.40 months. Surgical relapse occurred in 29.6%, with a median time of 68 months from the first operation. CONCLUSION: The ileocolic location, penetrating behavior and perianal involvement (L3B3p) were associated with increased risk of surgical recurrence.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: avaliar a recorrência da doença de Cröhn e seus possíveis fatores preditores em pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico. MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com doença de Crohn (DC) submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico entre janeiro de 1992 e janeiro de 2012, em acompanhamento regular no Ambulatório de Intestino Clínico do Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG. RESULTADOS: foram avaliados 125 pacientes, sendo 50,4% do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 46,12 anos, a maioria (63,2%) com diagnóstico entre 17 e 40 anos de idade. O íleo terminal foi envolvido em 58,4%, sendo que o comportamento estenosante foi observado em 44,8% e o penetrante em 45,6% dos pacientes. Doença perianal foi observada em 26,4% dos casos. A média de tempo de acompanhamento foi 152,40 meses. Recorrência cirúrgica foi observada em 29,6%, com um tempo médio de 68 meses até a segunda operação. CONCLUSÃO: a localização ileocólica, o comportamento penetrante e o acometimento perianal (L3B3p) estão associados ao maior risco de recorrência cirúrgica.

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          Factors affecting recurrence after surgery for Crohn's disease.

          Although in Crohn's disease post-operative recurrence is common, the determinants of disease recurrence remain speculative. The aim of this study was to examine factors affecting post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease. A Medline-based literature review was carried out. The following factors were investigated: age at onset of disease, sex, family history of Crohn's disease, smoking, duration of Crohn's disease before surgery, prophylactic medical treatment (corticosteroids, 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) and immunosuppressants), anatomical site of involvement, indication for surgery (perforating or non-perforating disease), length of resected bowel, anastomotic technique, presence of granuloma in the specimen, involvement of disease at the resection margin, blood transfusions and post-operative complications. Smoking significantly increases the risk of recurrence (risk is approximately twice as high), especially in women and heavy smokers. Quitting smoking reduces the post-operative recurrence rate. A number of studies have shown a higher risk when the duration of the disease before surgery was short. There were, however, different definitions of 'short' among the studies. Prophylactic corticosteroids therapy is not effective in reducing the post-operative recurrence. A number of randomized controlled trials offered evidence of the efficacy of 5-ASA (mesalazine) in reducing post-operative recurrence. Recently, the therapeutic efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine) in the prevention of post-operative recurrence has been investigated and several studies have reported that these drugs might help prevent the recurrence. Further clinical trials would be necessary to evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of immunosuppressants. Several studies showed a higher recurrence rate in patients with perforating disease than in those with non-perforating disease. However, evidence for differing recurrence rates in perforating and non-perforating diseases is inconclusive. A number of retrospective studies reported that a stapled functional end-to-end anastomosis was associated with a lower recurrence rate compared with other types of anastomosis. However, prospective randomized studies would be necessary to draw a definite conclusion. Many studies found no difference in the recurrence rates between patients with radical resection and non-radical resection. Therefore, minimal surgery including strictureplasty has been justified in the management of Crohn's disease. In this review, the following factors do not seem to be predictive of post-operative recurrence: age at onset of disease, sex, family history of Crohn's disease, anatomical site of disease, length of resected bowel, presence of granuloma in the specimen, blood transfusions and post-operative complications. The most significant factor affecting post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease is smoking. Smoking significantly increases the risk of recurrence. A short disease duration before surgery seems, albeit to a very minor degree, to be associated with a higher recurrence rate. 5-ASA has been shown with some degree of confidence to lead to a lower recurrence rate. The prophylactic efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs should be assessed in future. A wider anastomotic technique after resection may reduce the post-operative recurrence rate, though this should be investigated with prospective randomized controlled trials.
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            Clinical outcome of Crohn's disease according to the Vienna classification: disease location is a useful predictor of disease course.

            Crohn's disease (CD) is a complex genetic disease with multiple clinical patterns. Clinical classifications may help to identify subgroups of patients that have a distinct pattern of disease, and they are also a prerequisite for the conduction of genetic and therapeutic studies. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the Vienna classification in patient care and clinical studies. The clinical data of patients were carefully reviewed retrospectively. The behaviour and location of the disease were determined according to the Vienna classification and additional clinical characteristics including surgical data, vitamin B12 status and medication were also assessed. Data according to the Vienna classification of 292 CD cases were available. The mean age at diagnosis was 31.4 years. The operation rate was higher in patients with ileocolonic localization (P<0.05) and stricturing and penetrating disease behaviour (P<0.001). The incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency was 41.9% in cases with ileal involvement and 20.7% in cases with disease confined to the colon. In 187 cases (64.0%) an operation was performed because of CD-related complications, in a majority (126, 67.4%) this took place within 5 years after diagnosis. Intolerance of azathioprine occurred in 36 cases (22.0%). Ileocolonic disease localization is associated with a complicated course of disease. Vitamin B12 deficiency occurs frequently, also in patients with disease apparently confined to the colon. We propose that location parameters can be used for the prediction of disease course in clinical settings and in interventional studies.
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              Clinical course of Crohn's disease first diagnosed at surgery for acute abdomen.

              The severity of clinical activity of Crohn's disease is high during the first year after diagnosis and decreases thereafter. Approximately 50% of patients require steroids and immunosuppressants and 75% need surgery during their lifetime. The clinical course of patients with Crohn's disease first diagnosed at surgery has never been investigated.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcbc
                Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões
                Rev. Col. Bras. Cir.
                Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões (Rio de Janeiro )
                1809-4546
                April 2015
                : 42
                : 2
                : 97-104
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                Article
                S0100-69912015000300097
                10.1590/0100-69912015002006
                26176675
                9a91ee7c-4be2-436a-ad00-a24b752eefec

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-6991&lng=en
                Categories
                SURGERY

                Surgery
                Crohn's Disease,Classification,Recurrence,Risk factors,Doença de Crohn,Classificação,Recorrência,Fatores de Risco

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