Occurrence of depressive tendency and associated social factors among elderly persons forced by the Great East Japan Earthquake and nuclear disaster to live as long-term evacuees: a prospective cohort study

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Abstract

Purpose

This study examined the incidence of depression and associated factors among elderly persons from Iitate village after the March 2011 earthquake.

Method

This was a prospective cohort study. As a baseline survey, in May 2010 a self-assessment Basic Checklist (BCL) was distributed to 1611 elderly villagers, of which 1277 responded. Of these respondents, 885 without a tendency to depression (69.3%) were given a follow-up survey in May 2013. The BCL was used to assess depression tendency, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), physical function, nutritional status, oral function, homeboundness, cognitive function and social activities. Univariate analysis was used to examine differences in risk between those with a presence of depression tendency (PDT) and those without (non-PDT) depending on demographic and BCL variables. Variables found to be significant were analysed by Poisson regression analysis.

Results

Of the 438 respondents in the second survey, 163 (37.2%) showed depression tendency. PDT risk was significantly increased by female gender, age, history of diabetes and cognitive disorder. It was significantly reduced by increased IADL. Engagement in social activities decreased PDT risk in rental accommodation.

Discussion

Renters faced a higher risk of PDT than persons evacuated in groups to purpose-built housing. The inclusion of social activities in the multivariate Poisson regression analysis weakened this effect. Female gender, a history of diabetes, reduced IADL and a tendency to cognitive disorder each independently affected PDT risk. These findings may inform future responses to earthquakes and the technical disasters that may accompany them.

Related collections

Most cited references 33

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The relationship between social and community ties and mortality was assessed using the 1965 Human Population Laboratory survey of a random sample of 6928 adults in Alameda County, California and a subsequent nine-year mortality follow-up. The findings show that people who lacked social and community ties were more likely to die in the follow-up period than those with more extensive contacts. The age-adjusted relative risks for those most isolated when compared to those with the most social contacts were 2.3 for men and 2.8 for women. The association between social ties and mortality was found to be independent of self-reported physical health status at the time of the 1965 survey, year of death, socioeconomic status, and health practices such as smoking, alcoholic beverage consumption, obesity, physical activity, and utilization of preventive health services as well as a cumulative index of health practices.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMJ Open

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMJ Open

Journal ID (hwp): bmjopen

Journal ID (publisher-id): bmjopen

Title: BMJ Open

Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )

ISSN (Electronic): 2044-6055

Publication date Collection: 2017

Publication date (Electronic): 3 September 2017

Volume: 7

Issue: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: e014339

Affiliations

[1 ] departmentDepartment of Public Health, School of Medicine , Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima, Japan

[2 ] departmentDepartment of Public Health and Welfare , Iitate Village , Fukushima, Japan

[3 ] Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology , Tokyo, Japan

[4 ] departmentCenter for Integrated Science and Humanities , Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima, Japan

[5 ] departmentInternational Community Health, Graduate School of Medicine , Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima, Japan

[6 ] departmentDepartment of Medical Psychology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kitasato University , Kanagawa, Japan

Author notes

[Correspondence to ] Dr Yujiro Kuroda; kuroday@ 123456fmu.ac.jp

Article

Publisher ID: bmjopen-2016-014339

DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014339

PMC ID: 5589009

PubMed ID: 28871007

SO-VID: 9b2e06a2-6d78-43be-8118-dc5a61bea892

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

History

Date received : 11 October 2016

Date revision received : 16 May 2017

Date accepted : 16 June 2017

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001700, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology;

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special-feature unlocked

ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: psychological health,depression,great east japan earthquake,temporary housing,social network,radiation disaster,displacement

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: psychological health, depression, great east japan earthquake, temporary housing, social network, radiation disaster, displacement