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      Tratamiento corticoide y variantes SARS-CoV-2: dos factores independientes de mortalidad por COVID-19 en un hospital comarcal Translated title: Corticoid treatment and SARS-CoV-2 variants: two independent factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in a Spanish regional hospital

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          Resumen

          Fundamento:

          Existe gran heterogeneidad en tasas de ingreso hospitalario y mortalidad derivada entre olas de COVID-19, pudiendo deberse al perfil de paciente, las variantes virológicas, los tratamientos y las medidas preventivas. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los factores asociados a mortalidad de pacientes ingresados por infección COVID-19 hasta finales de 2021.

          Métodología:

          Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo de pacientes COVID-19 en el Hospital General de Barbastro durante 2020 y 2021. Los datos se obtuvieron del Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos (CMBD), de registros de Microbiología y de prescripción electrónica de fármacos.

          Resultados:

          En el periodo de estudio ingresaron consecutivamente 908 pacientes por COVID-19 (mediana de 70 años, 57,2% varones), de los que 162 fallecieron (17,8%). Identificamos siete olas epidemiológicas sucesivas. Las variables significativamente asociadas a una mayor mortalidad fueron: edad, antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, insuficiencia renal crónica, demencia, EPOC, insuficiencia cardiaca, ictus previo, puntuación Charlson y la ola 2; la ola 4 se asoció a mayor supervivencia. En el análisis multivariante las variables asociadas a mayor mortalidad fueron: edad (OR=1,11; IC95%: 1,09-1,14), EPOC (OR=2,33; IC95%: 1,18-4,57), y las olas 2 (OR=2,57; IC95%: 1,10-6,00) y 3 (OR=2,94; IC95%: 1,17-7,38); el tratamiento con glucocorticoides actuó como factor protector (OR=0,29; IC95%: 0,14-0,62).

          Conclusiones:

          Este estudio confirma la utilidad terapéutica de los glucocorticoides para disminuir la mortalidad hospitalaria por COVID-19. La diferente mortalidad entre las distintas olas epidemiológicas sugiere un papel directo de las variantes virológicas como determinantes de la letalidad, independientemente de los antecedentes del paciente.

          Abstract

          Background:

          Pandemic inter-wave hospital admissions and COVID-19-related mortality rates vary greatly. Some of the factors that may be playing part in this are the profile of the patients, viral variants, pharmacological treatments, or preventive measures. This work aimed to analyze the factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital during 2020-2021.

          Methods:

          Retrospective cohort study with COVID-19 patients admitted to Hospital de Barbastro (Spain) during 2020-2021. Data were collected from the Spanish Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos and microbiology and electronic prescription records.

          Results:

          During the study period 908 patients were consecutively admitted for COVID-19 (median age 70 years, 57.2% males); 162 (17.8%) patients died. We identified seven successive epidemiological waves. The following variables significantly associated to higher mortality: age, arterial hypertension, chronic renal failure, dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, prior stroke, Charlson index, and wave 2; wave 4 was associated to greater survival. The multivariate analysis showed that age (OR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.09-1.14), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR=2.33; 95% CI: 1.18-4.57), wave 2 (OR=2.57; 95% CI: 1.10-6.00), and wave 3 (OR=2.94; 95% CI: 1.17-7.38) associated with higher mortality. Glucocorticoid treatment was the only protective factor (OR=0.29; 95%CI: 0.14-0.62).

          Conclusions:

          This study confirms the therapeutic utility of glucocorticoids to reduce in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19. Heterogeneous mortality rates between the different COVID-19 waves suggest a direct role of viral variants as determinants of lethality, regardless of the patient’s history.

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          Most cited references44

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          Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

          Summary Background Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. Methods In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Findings 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1·10, 95% CI 1·03–1·17, per year increase; p=0·0043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5·65, 2·61–12·23; p<0·0001), and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL (18·42, 2·64–128·55; p=0·0033) on admission. Median duration of viral shedding was 20·0 days (IQR 17·0–24·0) in survivors, but SARS-CoV-2 was detectable until death in non-survivors. The longest observed duration of viral shedding in survivors was 37 days. Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Funding Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development.
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            Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 — Preliminary Report

            Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is associated with diffuse lung damage. Glucocorticoids may modulate inflammation-mediated lung injury and thereby reduce progression to respiratory failure and death. Methods In this controlled, open-label trial comparing a range of possible treatments in patients who were hospitalized with Covid-19, we randomly assigned patients to receive oral or intravenous dexamethasone (at a dose of 6 mg once daily) for up to 10 days or to receive usual care alone. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Here, we report the preliminary results of this comparison. Results A total of 2104 patients were assigned to receive dexamethasone and 4321 to receive usual care. Overall, 482 patients (22.9%) in the dexamethasone group and 1110 patients (25.7%) in the usual care group died within 28 days after randomization (age-adjusted rate ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 0.93; P<0.001). The proportional and absolute between-group differences in mortality varied considerably according to the level of respiratory support that the patients were receiving at the time of randomization. In the dexamethasone group, the incidence of death was lower than that in the usual care group among patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (29.3% vs. 41.4%; rate ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.81) and among those receiving oxygen without invasive mechanical ventilation (23.3% vs. 26.2%; rate ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.94) but not among those who were receiving no respiratory support at randomization (17.8% vs. 14.0%; rate ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.55). Conclusions In patients hospitalized with Covid-19, the use of dexamethasone resulted in lower 28-day mortality among those who were receiving either invasive mechanical ventilation or oxygen alone at randomization but not among those receiving no respiratory support. (Funded by the Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research and others; RECOVERY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04381936; ISRCTN number, 50189673.)
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              Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

              Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that was first reported in Wuhan, China, and has subsequently spread worldwide. Risk factors for the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia have not yet been well delineated.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizaciónRole: Redacción (borrador original, revisión y edición)Role: VisualizaciónRole: ValidaciónRole: SoftwareRole: RecursosRole: Administración del proyectoRole: MetodologíaRole: InvestigaciónRole: Análisis formalRole: Curación de datos
                Role: ConceptualizaciónRole: SupervisiónRole: SoftwareRole: RecursosRole: Análisis formal
                Role: RecursosRole: Investigación
                Role: SupervisiónRole: RecursosRole: Investigación
                Role: RecursosRole: Investigación
                Role: Administración del proyecto
                Role: ConceptualizaciónRole: VisualizaciónRole: ValidaciónRole: Administración del proyectoRole: MetodologíaRole: Análisis formalRole: Curación de datos
                Journal
                An Sist Sanit Navar
                An Sist Sanit Navar
                assn
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud
                1137-6627
                2340-3527
                25 April 2023
                Jan-Apr 2023
                : 46
                : 1
                : e1017
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalFacultad de Medicina. Universidad de Zaragoza. Zaragoza. España. normalizedUniversidad de Zaragoza orgdiv2Facultad de Medicina orgnameUniversidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza, Spain
                [2 ] originalDirección Médica. Hospital Royo Villanova. Zaragoza. España. orgdiv1Dirección Médica orgnameHospital Royo Villanova Zaragoza, España
                [3 ] originalServicio de Farmacia. Hospital de Barbastro. Barbastro. España. orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia orgnameHospital de Barbastro Barbastro, España
                [4 ] originalServicio de Microbiología. Hospital de Barbastro. Barbastro. España. orgdiv1Servicio de Microbiología orgnameHospital de Barbastro Barbastro, España
                [5 ] originalServicio de Admisión y Documentación. Hospital de Barbastro. Barbastro. España. orgdiv1Servicio de Admisión y Documentación orgnameHospital de Barbastro Barbastro, España
                [6 ] originalServicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital de Barbastro. Barbastro. España. orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina Interna orgnameHospital de Barbastro Barbastro, España
                Author notes
                [Correspondencia: ] Juan Salas Jarque jsjarque@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                10.23938/ASSN.1017
                10205026
                37203319
                9b308902-b348-41c5-9f48-61950519e012

                Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons

                History
                : 12 July 2022
                : 08 August 2022
                : 26 October 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 6, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 0
                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                corticoides,mortalidad,variantes víricas sars-cov-2,olas epidemiológicas,corticoids,mortality,sars-cov-2 variants,epidemiological waves,dataset

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