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      Nefrectomía del donante vivo: técnica de la universidad de Miami y resultados actuales Translated title: Living donor nephrectomy: university of Miami technique and current results

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: La nefrectomía del donante vivo ha aumentado significativamente el fondo de donantes para trasplante renal, permitiendo un incremento marcado de los trasplantes. Las mejorías de la medicación contra el rechazo y el refinamiento de los criterios de selección del donante han permitido unas tasas de supervivencia del injerto extremadamente favorables. Más recientemente, la nefrectomía laparoscópica del donante vivo (NLDV) ha reducido significativamente la morbilidad en la población de donantes. La Universidad de Miami/Centro de Trasplantes del Hospital Jackson Memorial ha realizado un gran número de nefrectomías del donante vivo, con un aumento de la utilización de la nefrectomía laparoscópica del donante vivo y en el presente artículo comunicamos nuestra experiencia acumulada. Métodos: Realizamos una revisión retrospectiva de todas las nefrectomías del donante vivo realiza las durante los últimos diez años, incluyendo las nefrectomías laparoscópicas. Se recogieron las complicaciones quirúrgicas, tanto menores como graves. También se registraron las conversiones de laparoscopia cirugía abierta. Se revisó el seguimiento, incluyendo las creatininas al año del trasplante en los grupos de nefrectomía abierta del donante y laparoscópica. Resultados: Se han realizado 413 nefrectomías del donante vivo durante diez años. De éstas, 257 fueron laparoscópicas y 156 abiertas. En dos casos, la nefrectomía laparoscópica fue convertida a abierta. Tres donantes necesitaron de intervención después de la nefrectomía. No hubo ninguna muerte perioperatoria ni trombosis venosa profundas. Las complicaciones menores, incluyendo hernia, fiebre y diarrea por C.difficile fueron muy raras, siendo la más frecuente el dolor testicular en ocho casos. Conclusiones: Nuestra amplia experiencia en nefrectomía del donante vivo, con 413 casos a lo largo de diez años, ha sido muy favorable. El riesgo de complicaciones graves fue extremadamente bajo, con seis casos comunicados en esta serie. Las complicaciones menores también fueron raras. La nefrectomía del donante vivo es un método seguro y factible de aumentar el número de donantes para trasplante renal con mínima morbilidad.

          Translated abstract

          Objectives: Living-donor nephrectomy has significantly expanded the pool of renal transplant donors, allowing for a marked increase in transplantation. Improvements in antirejection medications and refinement of donor selection criteria have allowed for extremely favorable rates of graft survival. More recently, laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) has significantly reduced the morbidity of renal transplantation in the donor population. The University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital Transplant Center performs a large number of living-donor nephrectomies, with increasing use of LDN and here we report our cumulative experience. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all live donor nephrectomies performed over the last 10 years, including LDN. Surgical complications, both minor and major, were ascertained. Conversion from LDN to open was similarly noted. Follow up, including creatinine one year post-transplant was recorded in open donor nephrectomy (ODN) and LDN groups. Results: Over 10 years, 413 live donor nephrectomies were performed. Of these, 257 were LDN, and 156 were ODN. In two cases, LDN was converted to ODN. Three patients needed reoperation after donor nephrectomy. There were no perioperative mortalities or deep venous thrombosis. Minor complications, including hernia, fever, and C. difficile diarrhea were very rare, the most common being testicular pain in eight patients. Conclusion: Our extensive experience with living donor nephrectomy, with 413 cases spanning ten years, has been very favorable. The risk of major complications was extremely low, with six reported in the series. Minor complications were similarly rare. Living donor nephrectomy is a safe and feasible method of increasing the number of renal transplantation donors with minimal morbidity.

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          A study of the quality of life and cost-utility of renal transplantation.

          The objective of this study was to assess the cost-utility of renal transplantation compared with dialysis. To accomplish this, a prospective cohort of pre-transplant patients were followed for up to two years after renal transplantation at three University-based Canadian hospitals. A total of 168 patients were followed for an average of 19.5 months after transplantation. Health-related quality of life was assessed using a hemodialysis questionnaire, a transplant questionnaire, the Sickness Impact Profile, and the Time Trade-Off Technique. Fully allocated costs were determined by prospectively recording resource use in all patients. A societal perspective was taken. By six months after transplantation, the mean health-related quality of life scores of almost all measures had improved compared to pre-transplantation, and they stayed improved throughout the two years of follow up. The mean time trade-off score was 0.57 pre-transplant and 0.70 two years after transplantation. The proportion of individuals employed increased from 30% before transplantation to 45% two years after transplantation. Employment prior to transplantation [relative risk (RR) = 23], graft function (RR 10) and age (RR 1.6 for every decrease in age by one decade), independently predicted employment status after transplantation. The cost of pre-transplant care ($66,782 Can 1994) and the cost of the first year after transplantation ($66,290) were similar. Transplantation was considerably less expensive during the second year after transplantation ($27,875). Over the two years, transplantation was both more effective and less costly than dialysis. This was true for all subgroups of patients examined, including patients older than 60 and diabetics. We conclude that renal transplantation was more effective and less costly than dialysis in all subgroups of patients examined.
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            Living-donor kidney transplantation: a review of the current practices for the live donor.

            The first successful living-donor kidney transplant was performed 50 yr ago. Since then, in a relatively brief period of medical history, living kidney transplantation has become the preferred treatment for those with ESRD. Organ replacement from either a live or a deceased donor is preferable to dialysis therapy because transplantation provides a better quality of life and improved survival. The advantages of live versus deceased donor transplantation now are readily apparent as it affords earlier transplantation and the best long-term survival. Live kidney donation has also been fostered by the technical advance of laparoscopic nephrectomy and immunologic maneuvers that can overcome biologic obstacles such as HLA disparity and ABO or cross-match incompatibility. Congressional legislation has provided an important model to remove financial disincentives to being a live donor. Federal employees now are afforded paid leave and coverage for travel expenses. Candidates for renal transplantation are aware of these developments, and they have become less hesitant to ask family members, spouses, or friends to become live kidney donors. Living donation as practiced for the past 50 yr has been safe with minimal immediate and long-term risk for the donor. However, the future experience may not be the same as our society is becoming increasingly obese and developing associated health problems. In this environment, predicting medical futures is less precise than in the past. Even so, isolated abnormalities such as obesity and in some instances hypertension are no longer considered absolute contraindications to donation. These and other medical risks bring additional responsibility in such circumstances to track the unknown consequences of a live-donor nephrectomy.
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              Laparoscopic nephrectomy.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                urol
                Archivos Españoles de Urología (Ed. impresa)
                Arch. Esp. Urol.
                INIESTARES, S.A. (, , Spain )
                0004-0614
                April 2010
                : 63
                : 3
                : 163-170
                Affiliations
                [03] orgnameUniversidad de Miami orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Cirugía
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de Miami orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Cirugía
                [02] orgnameUniversidad de Miami orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Cirugía
                [04] Miami Florida orgnameUniversidad de Miami orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Urología
                [05] Miami Florida orgnameUniversity of Miami orgdiv1Miller School of Medicine orgdiv2Department of Surgery
                Article
                S0004-06142010000300001
                9b48a99d-f20f-4b35-ab4d-ced300212c90

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

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                SciELO Spain


                Nefrectomía del donante,Donante vivo,Manoasistida,Donor nephrectomy,Living donor,Renal transplantation,Nephrectomy,Hand-assisted,Trasplante renal,Nefrectomía

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