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      Uso do sulfato de magnésio por via venosa e nebulização para o tratamento da asma aguda na emergência Translated title: Use of the intravenous and nebulized magnesium sulfate for the treatment of the acute asthma in the emergence

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          Abstract

          JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Tem sido mostrado que o sulfato de magnésio apresenta benefícios em adultos e crianças asmáticos, com fraca resposta aos agentes beta-agonistas e corticóides sistêmicos no departamento de emergência. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão não sistemática acerca do tratamento da asma aguda com sulfato de magnésio por via venosa e nebulização na emergência. CONTEÚDO: As primeiras investigações que demonstraram benefício no uso do sulfato de magnésio na asma são de 1938. Os efeitos do sulfato de magnésio podem ser mediados através da ação antagonista do cálcio ou através da função de co-fator em sistemas enzimáticos envolvendo o fluxo iônico através da membrana celular. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura através da base de dados MedLine nos últimos seis anos (2000 a 2006) e incluídos os artigos publicados na língua inglesa, através do cruzamento dos unitermos asma e sulfato de magnésio. CONCLUSÕES: A administração de rotina do sulfato de magnésio por via venosa e nebulização em pacientes com asma aguda grave que se apresentam no serviço de emergência não é recomendado; entretanto, como um tratamento adjuvante obtém-se algum benefício.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Magnesium sulfate has been shown to benefit asthmatic children and adults with poor responses to initial beta-agonist therapy and systemic corticoids in the emergency department. The aim of this study was to realize a no systematic review about the treatment of the acute asthma with intravenous and nebulized magnesium sulfate in the emergence. CONTENTS: The first investigations that demonstrate the benefit in the use of the magnesium sulfate in asthma date to 1938. The effects of magnesium sulfate may be mediated through its action as a calcium antagonist or through its function as a cofactor in enzyme systems involving ion flux across cell membranes. We realized a literature review using MedLine database of the last six years (2000 to 2006). Articles published in English were included by the crossing of keywords asthma and magnesium sulfate. CONCLUSIONS: The routine administration of intravenous and nebulized magnesium sulfate to severely ill patients with acute asthma presents in the emergence department is not recommended, however as an adjunct therapy brings some benefit.

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          Most cited references26

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          British guideline on the management of asthma.

          , (2003)
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            Acute asthma in adults: a review.

            All patients with asthma are at risk of having exacerbations. Hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits account for a large proportion of the health-care cost burden of asthma, and avoidance or proper management of acute asthma (AA) episodes represent an area with the potential for large reductions in health-care costs. The severity of exacerbations may range from mild to life threatening, and mortality is most often associated with failure to appreciate the severity of the exacerbation, resulting in inadequate emergency treatment and delay in referring to hospital. This review describes the epidemiology, costs, pathophysiology, mortality, and management of adult AA in the ED and in the ICU.
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              Magnesium sulphate as a technique of hypotensive anaesthesia.

              This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to assess the effect of perioperatively administered i.v. magnesium sulphate as a technique of hypotensive anaesthesia. Sixty patients (25 female) undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery were included in two parallel groups. The magnesium group received magnesium sulphate 40 mg kg(-1) i.v. as a bolus before induction of anaesthesia and 15 mg kg(-1) h(-1) by continuous i.v. infusion during the operation. The same volume of isotonic solution was administered to the control group. Intraoperative bleeding was evaluated using a quality scale. In the magnesium group, there was a reduction in surgical time [68.1 (15.6) min vs 88.1 (10.7) min], although the anaesthetic time was 10 min longer and thus presuming a prolongation in anaesthetic emergence. There was a significant reduction of blood loss [165 (19) ml vs 257 (21) ml]. The anaesthetic requirements (fentanyl, vercuronium and sevoflurane), mean arterial blood pressure (P<0.005) and heart rate (P<0.005) were also significantly reduced. Magnesium sulphate led to a reduction in arterial pressure, heart rate, blood loss and duration of surgery. Furthermore, magnesium infusion alters anaesthetic dose requirements and emergence time.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbti
                Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva
                Rev. bras. ter. intensiva
                Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira - AMIB (São Paulo )
                1982-4335
                September 2007
                : 19
                : 3
                : 369-373
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Clínica Santa Juliana
                [2 ] Hospital do Açúcar Brazil
                [3 ] Hospital Unimed
                [4 ] Universidade de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas
                [5 ] Universidade de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas
                Article
                S0103-507X2007000300019
                10.1590/S0103-507X2007000300019
                9b74991b-a2ab-433d-ac67-d7a75db06db5

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0103-507X&lng=en
                Categories
                CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

                Emergency medicine & Trauma
                Asthma,Emergence,Magnesium Sulfate,Asma,Emergência,Sulfato de Magnésio
                Emergency medicine & Trauma
                Asthma, Emergence, Magnesium Sulfate, Asma, Emergência, Sulfato de Magnésio

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