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      Effect of diet‐induced weight loss on angiopoietin‐like protein 4 and adipose tissue lipid metabolism in overweight and obese humans

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          Abstract

          Angiopoietin‐like protein 4 ( ANGPTL4) plays a role in lipid partitioning by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase ( LPL)‐dependent plasma clearance of triacylglycerol in adipose tissue. We investigated the effects of diet‐induced weight loss on plasma ANGPTL4 concentrations in relation to in vivo adipose tissue LPL activity and lipolysis and adipose tissue ANGPTL4 release in overweight/obese participants. Sixteen individuals ( BMI: 28–35 kg/m 2; 10 women) were randomized to a dietary intervention composed of either a low‐calorie diet (1250 kcal/day) for 12 weeks ( n = 9) or a very low‐calorie diet (500 kcal/day) for 5 weeks, followed by a 4‐week weight stable period. Before and after the intervention, we measured arteriovenous concentration differences in combination with adipose tissue blood flow before and after intake of a high‐fat mixed meal with [U‐ 13C]‐palmitate to assess in vivo adipose tissue LPL activity and lipolysis. The intervention significantly reduced body weight (−8.6 ± 0.6 kg, <  0.001). Plasma ANGPTL4 concentrations were unaffected. Significant postprandial adipose tissue ANGPTL4 release into the circulation was observed ( <  0.01). No association was observed between plasma ANGPTL4 and in vivo LPL activity. After intervention, fasting and postprandial plasma ANGPTL4 concentrations were positively associated with adipose tissue nonesterified FA ( NEFA) and glycerol release, reflecting in vivo adipose tissue lipolysis (fasting NEFA: =  0.039 and postprandial NEFA: =  0.003). In conclusion, plasma ANGPTL4 is unaffected by weight loss and is secreted from human adipose tissue after a high‐fat meal in overweight/obese participants. Plasma ANGPTL4 concentrations were not related to in vivo adipose tissue LPL activity, but were positively associated with in vivo adipose tissue lipolysis after weight loss.

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          Most cited references16

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          Preferential uptake of dietary Fatty acids in adipose tissue and muscle in the postprandial period.

          Despite consistent evidence that abnormalities of fatty acid delivery and storage underlie the metabolic defects of insulin resistance, physiological pathways by which fat is stored in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle are not clear. We used a combination of stable isotope labeling and arteriovenous difference measurements to elucidate pathways of postprandial fat deposition in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in healthy humans. A test meal containing [U-(13)C]palmitate was combined with intravenous infusion of [(2)H(2)]palmitate to label plasma fatty acids and VLDL-triglyceride. Both dietary (chylomicron) and VLDL-triglyceride were cleared across adipose tissue and muscle, though with greater fractional extraction of the chylomicron-triglyceride. In adipose tissue there was significant uptake of plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) in the postprandial but not the fasting state. However, this was minor in comparison with chylomicron-triglyceride fatty acids. We modeled the fate of fatty acids released by lipoprotein lipase (LPL). There was clear preferential uptake of these fatty acids compared with plasma NEFAs. In muscle, there was unexpected evidence for release of LPL-derived fatty acids into the plasma. With this integrative physiological approach, we have revealed hidden complexities in pathways of fatty acid uptake in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle.
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            Sex-Specific Differences in Lipid and Glucose Metabolism

            Energy metabolism in humans is tuned to distinct sex-specific functions that potentially reflect the unique requirements in females for gestation and lactation, whereas male metabolism may represent a default state. These differences are the consequence of the action of sex chromosomes and sex-specific hormones, including estrogens and progesterone in females and androgens in males. In humans, sex-specific specialization is associated with distinct body-fat distribution and energy substrate-utilization patterns; i.e., females store more lipids and have higher whole-body insulin sensitivity than males, while males tend to oxidize more lipids than females. These patterns are influenced by the menstrual phase in females, and by nutritional status and exercise intensity in both sexes. This minireview focuses on sex-specific mechanisms in lipid and glucose metabolism and their regulation by sex hormones, with a primary emphasis on studies in humans and the most relevant pre-clinical model of human physiology, non-human primates.
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              The effect of rate of weight loss on long-term weight regain in adults with overweight and obesity.

              To investigate the effect of rate of weight loss, with similar total weight loss, on weight regain in individuals with overweight and obesity.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                b.vanderkolk@maastrichtuniversity.nl
                Journal
                Physiol Rep
                Physiol Rep
                10.1002/(ISSN)2051-817X
                PHY2
                physreports
                Physiological Reports
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2051-817X
                12 July 2018
                July 2018
                : 6
                : 13 ( doiID: 10.1002/phy2.2018.6.issue-13 )
                : e13735
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Human Biology NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht the Netherlands
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Birgitta W. van der Kolk, Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center +,

                P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.

                Tel: +31 43 388 1675

                Fax: +31 43 367 0976

                E‐mail: b.vanderkolk@ 123456maastrichtuniversity.nl

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8608-541X
                Article
                PHY213735
                10.14814/phy2.13735
                6041698
                29998530
                9b94ed95-b3fc-45c2-abe9-747793c297f3
                © 2018 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 13 March 2018
                : 16 May 2018
                : 19 May 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 1, Pages: 10, Words: 6469
                Funding
                Funded by: Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
                Award ID: 200500001
                Categories
                Adipose Tissue and Obesity
                Metabolism and Regulation
                Nutrition
                Original Research
                Original Research
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                phy213735
                July 2018
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:version=5.4.3 mode:remove_FC converted:12.07.2018

                adipose tissue,angiopoietin‐like protein 4,lipid metabolism,lipoprotein lipase,weight loss

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