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      Hyporheic Zone Microbiome Assembly Is Linked to Dynamic Water Mixing Patterns in Snowmelt‐Dominated Headwater Catchments

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          Quantifying community assembly processes and identifying features that impose them.

          Spatial turnover in the composition of biological communities is governed by (ecological) Drift, Selection and Dispersal. Commonly applied statistical tools cannot quantitatively estimate these processes, nor identify abiotic features that impose these processes. For interrogation of subsurface microbial communities distributed across two geologically distinct formations of the unconfined aquifer underlying the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State, we developed an analytical framework that advances ecological understanding in two primary ways. First, we quantitatively estimate influences of Drift, Selection and Dispersal. Second, ecological patterns are used to characterize measured and unmeasured abiotic variables that impose Selection or that result in low levels of Dispersal. We find that (i) Drift alone consistently governs ∼25% of spatial turnover in community composition; (ii) in deeper, finer-grained sediments, Selection is strong (governing ∼60% of turnover), being imposed by an unmeasured but spatially structured environmental variable; (iii) in shallower, coarser-grained sediments, Selection is weaker (governing ∼30% of turnover), being imposed by vertically and horizontally structured hydrological factors;(iv) low levels of Dispersal can govern nearly 30% of turnover and be caused primarily by spatial isolation resulting from limited exchange between finer and coarser-grain sediments; and (v) highly permeable sediments are associated with high levels of Dispersal that homogenize community composition and govern over 20% of turnover. We further show that our framework provides inferences that cannot be achieved using preexisting approaches, and suggest that their broad application will facilitate a unified understanding of microbial communities.
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            Biophysical controls on organic carbon fluxes in fluvial networks

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              Global assessment of experimental climate warming on tundra vegetation: heterogeneity over space and time.

              Understanding the sensitivity of tundra vegetation to climate warming is critical to forecasting future biodiversity and vegetation feedbacks to climate. In situ warming experiments accelerate climate change on a small scale to forecast responses of local plant communities. Limitations of this approach include the apparent site-specificity of results and uncertainty about the power of short-term studies to anticipate longer term change. We address these issues with a synthesis of 61 experimental warming studies, of up to 20 years duration, in tundra sites worldwide. The response of plant groups to warming often differed with ambient summer temperature, soil moisture and experimental duration. Shrubs increased with warming only where ambient temperature was high, whereas graminoids increased primarily in the coldest study sites. Linear increases in effect size over time were frequently observed. There was little indication of saturating or accelerating effects, as would be predicted if negative or positive vegetation feedbacks were common. These results indicate that tundra vegetation exhibits strong regional variation in response to warming, and that in vulnerable regions, cumulative effects of long-term warming on tundra vegetation - and associated ecosystem consequences - have the potential to be much greater than we have observed to date. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
                J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci.
                American Geophysical Union (AGU)
                2169-8953
                2169-8961
                November 2019
                November 06 2019
                November 2019
                : 124
                : 11
                : 3269-3280
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Earth SciencesThe Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
                [2 ]Earth Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
                [3 ]Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory Richland WA USA
                [4 ]Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
                [5 ]Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Gothic CO USA
                [6 ]Department of Soil and Crop SciencesColorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
                Article
                10.1029/2019JG005189
                9b97e90d-8bc3-40b5-8c7a-213e51ccebfc
                © 2019

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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