Epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province from 2010 to 2017

Abstract

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, so as to provide the reference for consolidating the malaria elimination and formulating the prevention and control strategies of imported malaria.

Methods The epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria were statistically analyzed in Chenzhou City from 2010 to 2017.

Results Totally 46 malaria cases, which were all imported, were reported in Chenzhou City from 2010 to 2017, with an average annual incidence of 0.12/10 ⁵. The reported malaria cases were mainly falciparum malaria, accounting for 60.87% of the total number of cases. There was no obvious seasonal distribution of malaria cases, but the top of reported cases were in June. Totally 73.91% of malaria cases were concentrated in Beihu District, Suxian District, Guiyang County and Zixing City. These cases were mainly the young and middle-aged and 69.57% of the cases were from 36 to 60 years old. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of malaria patients among the age groups ( χ ² = 47.80, P < 0.01). The median time from onset to diagnosis was 6 days, and the case confirmed institutions were dominated by municipal and above medical institutions, accounting for 52.17% of the total number of cases. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of confirmed cases among medical and health institutions at all levels ( χ ² = 41.96, P < 0.01).

Conclusion The importation of malaria in Chenzhou City is still severe. The awareness of malaria diagnosis and treatment in primary medical institutions, malaria patients' serum tests, and the health education of malaria control and prevention knowledge should be strengthened to consolidate the malaria elimination results.

Abstract

[ 摘要] 目的 分析湖南省郴州市输入性疟疾流行特征, 为巩固消除疟疾成果和制定输入性疟疾防控策略提供科学依 据。 方法 收集 2010–2017 年郴州市输入性疟疾病例资料, 对其流行特征进行统计分析。 结果 2010–2017 年郴州市 报告疟疾病例 46 例, 均为输入性疟疾病例, 年均发病率为 0.12/10。报告的疟疾病例以恶性疟为主, 占总病例数的 60.87%。疟疾病例分布无明显季节性, 6 月报告病例最多。73.91% 的疟疾病例集中在北湖区、苏仙区、桂阳县和资兴市。 疟疾病例以中青年为主, 69.57% 的病例年龄分布在 36 ~ 60 岁, 各年龄组疟疾患者分布差异有统计学意义 ( χ ² = 47.80, P < 0.01) 。病例从发病到确诊间隔中位时间为 6 d; 病例确诊单位以市级及以上医疗机构为主, 占总病例数的 52.17%; 各 级医疗卫生机构确诊病例比例间差异有统计学意义 ( χ ² = 41.96, P < 0.01) 。 结论 郴州市输入性疟疾疫情依然严峻。 为巩固消除疟疾成果, 应强化基层医疗机构疟疾诊治意识、加强发热患者疟原虫血检、加大疟疾防治知识宣传教育。