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      Efecto de la intervención con metformina durante el embarazo en la diabetes mellitus gestacional en mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico: una revisión sistemática y metanálisis Translated title: Effect of metformin intervention during pregnancy on the gestational diabetes mellitus in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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          Abstract

          La metformina es un sensibilizador a insulina y es efectiva en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Sin embargo, no se ha evaluado las consecuencias funcionales de la administración de metformina durante el embarazo en la diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) en mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP). Para eso efectuamos una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis para determinar el efecto de la metformina sobre la DMG en el SOP. El meta-análisis se realizó en los estudios publicados antes de diciembre de 2013. El meta-análisis examinó si la metformina puede reducir la ocurrencia de DMG en pacientes con SOP usando un modelo de efectos fijos. La razón de chances (Odds Ratio, OR) y el intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%) se calculó para estimar la fuerza de la asociación. Un total de 13 estudios que incluyeron 5 investigaciones clínicas aleatorizadas (ICA) y 8 no aleatorizados fueron analizados. En última instancia, el análisis de eficacia demostró ausencia de efecto significativo de la metformina, comparado con placebo, sobre la DMG en mujeres con SOP (OR=1,07; IC95%: 0,60 a 1,92) en las ICA y reducción significativa de la DMG en el grupo metformina en los estudios no aleatorizados (OR=0,19; IC95%: 0,13 a 0,27). En resumen, de acuerdo con los resultados de nuestro metanálisis, estrictamente, la metformina no afectó significativamente la DMG en mujeres con SOP, aunque más ICA multicéntricas serían todavía necesarias.

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          Prevalence of insulin resistance in the polycystic ovary syndrome using the homeostasis model assessment.

          To determine the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) in a large population of patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Prospective, case-control. University medical center. Two hundred seventy-one PCOS patients and 260 eumenorrheic, non-hirsute, control women. History and physical examination and blood sampling. Total T, free T, DHEAS, sex hormone-binding globulin, and fasting glucose and insulin levels; homeostatic model assessment values for IR (HOMA-IR) and percent beta-cell function (HOMA-%beta-cell). Patients with PCOS and controls differed significantly in all parameters studied, except fasting glucose. Because the HOMA-IR and HOMA-%beta-cell values were variably associated with race, age, and body mass index, the HOMA-IR and HOMA-%beta-cell values were then adjusted for these cofounders. After adjustment, 64.4% of PCOS patients were noted to be insulin resistant, and 2.6% had beta-cell dysfunction. Compared with PCOS patients without IR (n = 96), patients with IR (n = 174) were more obese and had higher beta-cell function. In patients with PCOS, the prevalence of IR was 64% according to the HOMA-IR measurement, after adjustment. Patients with IR were more clinically affected. Although IR is a common abnormality in PCOS, it does not seem to be a universal feature.
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            Obstetric complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

            Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age. The risk of pregnancy and neonatal complications in women with PCOS is debatable. In order to determine the risk of pregnancy and neonatal complications, evidence regarding these risks was examined. Methods Literature searches were performed in the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL based on the established strategy and eligible tries were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A systematic literature review looking at rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), preeclampsia, premature delivery, neonatal birth weight, caesarean section and admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was conducted in women with PCOS. Pregnancy outcomes between women with PCOS versus controls were included. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the reliability of the available evidence and to validate the results. The study was performed with the approval of the ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University. Results A total of 27studies, involving 4982 women with PCOS and 119692 controls were eligible for the meta-analysis. Women with PCOS demonstrated a significantly higher risk of developing GDM (OR3.43; 95% CI: 2.49–4.74), PIH (OR3.43; 95% CI: 2.49–4.74), preeclampsia (OR2.17; 95% CI: 1.91–2.46), preterm birth (OR1.93; 95%CI: 1.45–2.57), caesarean section (OR 1.74; 95% CI: 1.38–2.11) compared to controls. Their babies had a marginally significant lower birth weight (WMD −0.11g; 95%CI: -0.19 – -0.03), and higher risk of admission to NICU (OR 2.32; 95% CI: 1.40–3.85) compared to controls. Conclusions Women with PCOS have increased risk of adverse pregnancy and neonatal complications. It is necessary to establish guidelines for supervision during pregnancy and parturition to prevent these complications.
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              Metformin for gestational diabetes in routine clinical practice.

              To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes treated with diet, metformin and/or insulin in routine clinical practice in a single centre. We analysed prospectively collected data from the National Women's Health database for all women with gestational diabetes who delivered between January 2007 and December 2009. Since June 2007, women requiring medication have been given a choice of either metformin or insulin treatment, except women with a fetal abdominal circumference less than the 10th percentile, who were not offered metformin. There were 1269 women with gestational diabetes; treatment was diet in 371, insulin in 399 and metformin in 465 (249 metformin alone, 216 metformin and insulin). Women treated with metformin and/or insulin had significantly higher BMIs compared with those in the diet group (P < 0.001) and had a higher fasting glucose at diagnosis (p < 0.001). Women treated with insulin had higher rates of Caesarean delivery (45.6% insulin, 37% metformin, 34% diet, P = 0.02) than women treated with metformin or diet. They also had higher rates of preterm births (19.2% insulin, 12.5% metformin, 12.1% diet, P = 0.005), customized large-for-gestational-age infants (18.5% insulin, 12.5% metformin, 12.4% diet, P = 0.02), neonatal admissions (18.7% insulin, 12.7% metformin, 14.0% diet, P = 0.04) and neonatal intravenous dextrose use (11.1% insulin, 5.1% metformin, 7.4% diet, P = 0.004). Neonatal outcomes were similar between diet- and metformin-treated women. In routine practice, use of metformin in gestational diabetes was associated with fewer adverse outcomes compared with insulin, but baseline differences between treatment groups may have contributed to this. © 2011 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine © 2011 Diabetes UK.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rchog
                Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecología
                Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología (Santiago, , Chile )
                0048-766X
                0717-7526
                2014
                : 79
                : 4
                : 347-349
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2División de Obstetricia y Ginecología Chile
                Article
                S0717-75262014000400015 S0717-7526(14)07900400015
                10.4067/S0717-75262014000400015
                9bb99a34-273a-42ab-b013-2d30114452ef

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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