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      Intestinal transcriptomes in Kazakh sheep with different haplotypes after experimental Echinococcus granulosus infection Translated title: Transcriptomes intestinaux chez des moutons kazakhs de différents haplotypes après une infection expérimentale avec Echinococcus granulosus

      research-article
      1 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , *
      Parasite
      EDP Sciences
      Differentially expressed genes, Disease resistance, Echinococcus granulosus, Intestinal tissue, Transcriptome analysis

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          Abstract

          Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic zoonosis caused by infection with the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. As the intermediate host, sheep are highly susceptible to this disease. Our previous studies have shown that sheep with haplotype MHC Mva Ibc- Sac IIab- Hin1I ab were resistant to CE infection, while their counterparts without this haplotype were not. In order to reveal the molecular mechanism of resistance in Kazakh sheep, after selecting the differential miRNA in our previous study, herein, transcriptome analyses were conducted to detect the differential expression genes in the intestinal tissue of Kazakh sheep with resistant and non-resistant MHC haplotypes, after peroral infection with E. granulosus eggs. A total of 3835 differentially expressed genes were identified between the two groups, with 2229 upregulated and 1606 downregulated. Further function analysis showed that the most significant genes were related to both innate immune response and adaptive response participating in the defense against E. granulosus infection and the metabolic changes associated with it. The results suggest that genes related to lectin receptors, NK cells activation, chemokines, and tumor necrosis factor, may play important roles in the response of intestinal tissue to E. granulosus.

          Translated abstract

          L’échinococcose kystique (EK) est une zoonose chronique qui est causée par une infection au stade larvaire du cestode Echinococcus granulosus. En tant qu’hôte intermédiaire, les moutons sont très sensibles à cette maladie. Nos études précédentes ont montré que les moutons avec l’haplotype MHC Mva Ibc-Sac IIab-Hin1I ab étaient résistants à l’EK, alors que leurs homologues sans cet haplotype ne l’étaient pas. Afin de révéler le mécanisme moléculaire de la résistance chez le mouton kazakh, après avoir sélectionné le miARN différentiel dans notre étude précédente, des analyses de transcriptome ont été menées dans ce travail pour détecter les gènes d’expression différentielle dans le tissu intestinal de mouton kazakh avec des haplotypes MHC résistants et non résistants, après une infection pérorale par des œufs d’ E. granulosus. Un total de 3835 gènes différentiellement exprimés ont été identifiés entre les deux groupes, avec 2229 régulés à la hausse et 1606 à la baisse. Une analyse fonctionnelle plus poussée a montré que les gènes les plus significatifs étaient liés à la fois à la réponse immunitaire innée et à la réponse adaptative participant à la défense contre l’infection à E. granulosus et aux changements métaboliques qui y étaient associés. Les résultats suggèrent que les gènes liés aux récepteurs de la lectine, à l’activation des cellules NK, aux chimiokines et au facteur de nécrose tumorale peuvent jouer un rôle important dans la réponse du tissu intestinal à E. granulosus.

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          Most cited references56

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          Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-Seq.

          We have mapped and quantified mouse transcriptomes by deeply sequencing them and recording how frequently each gene is represented in the sequence sample (RNA-Seq). This provides a digital measure of the presence and prevalence of transcripts from known and previously unknown genes. We report reference measurements composed of 41-52 million mapped 25-base-pair reads for poly(A)-selected RNA from adult mouse brain, liver and skeletal muscle tissues. We used RNA standards to quantify transcript prevalence and to test the linear range of transcript detection, which spanned five orders of magnitude. Although >90% of uniquely mapped reads fell within known exons, the remaining data suggest new and revised gene models, including changed or additional promoters, exons and 3' untranscribed regions, as well as new candidate microRNA precursors. RNA splice events, which are not readily measured by standard gene expression microarray or serial analysis of gene expression methods, were detected directly by mapping splice-crossing sequence reads. We observed 1.45 x 10(5) distinct splices, and alternative splices were prominent, with 3,500 different genes expressing one or more alternate internal splices.
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            Activation of NK cells and T cells by NKG2D, a receptor for stress-inducible MICA.

            Stress-inducible MICA, a distant homolog of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, functions as an antigen for gammadelta T cells and is frequently expressed in epithelial tumors. A receptor for MICA was detected on most gammadelta T cells, CD8+ alphabeta T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells and was identified as NKG2D. Effector cells from all these subsets could be stimulated by ligation of NKG2D. Engagement of NKG2D activated cytolytic responses of gammadelta T cells and NK cells against transfectants and epithelial tumor cells expressing MICA. These results define an activating immunoreceptor-MHC ligand interaction that may promote antitumor NK and T cell responses.
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              Transcriptome-scale super-resolved imaging in tissues by RNA seqFISH+

              Imaging the transcriptome in situ with high accuracy has been a major challenge in single cell biology, particularly hindered by the limits of optical resolution and the density of transcripts in single cells 1–5 . Here, we demonstrate seqFISH+, that can image the mRNAs for 10,000 genes in single cells with high accuracy and sub-diffraction-limit resolution, in the mouse brain cortex, subventricular zone, and the olfactory bulb, using a standard confocal microscope. The transcriptome level profiling of seqFISH+ allows unbiased identification of cell classes and their spatial organization in tissues. In addition, seqFISH+ reveals subcellular mRNA localization patterns in cells and ligand-receptor pairs across neighboring cells. This technology demonstrates the ability to generate spatial cell atlases and to perform discovery-driven studies of biological processes in situ.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Parasite
                Parasite
                parasite
                Parasite
                EDP Sciences
                1252-607X
                1776-1042
                2021
                05 March 2021
                : 28
                : ( publisher-idID: parasite/2021/01 )
                : 14
                Affiliations
                [1 ] College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University Road Beisi Shihezi 832003 Xinjiang PR China
                [2 ] College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University Road Beisi Shihezi 832003 Xinjiang PR China
                Author notes
                [a]

                Institutes 1 and 2 contributed equally.

                [* ]Corresponding author: 215273439@ 123456qq.com
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3039-2389
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3751-7321
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3478-3712
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4355-9862
                Article
                parasite200166 10.1051/parasite/2021011
                10.1051/parasite/2021011
                7934610
                33666549
                9bce9d8b-04d5-45d5-a65c-80d40fcaf0db
                © X. Li et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2021

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 08 October 2020
                : 04 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 51, Pages: 11
                Categories
                Research Article

                differentially expressed genes,disease resistance,echinococcus granulosus,intestinal tissue,transcriptome analysis

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