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      Educational Psychology: the key to prevention and child-adolescent mental health Translated title: Psicología Educativa: la clave de la prevención y de la salud mental infanto-juvenil

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          Abstract

          Abstract Background: Educational psychology ranks second, after clinical psychology, in terms of professional activity profiles but in recent decades, the role of the educational psychologist has blurred. Method: The specialized literature was reviewed, and previous works by the author on the subject were updated. Results: This article emphasizes the relevance of educational psychology for the prevention and promotion of child and adolescent mental health. For this purpose, we must delimit the functions of the psychologist in educational contexts, differentiating it from other professional roles. To this end: (1) the main functions of the educational psychologist with students, their families, and teachers are proposed; (2) the postgraduate training necessary to perform these functions is described; and (3) the relevant role that educational centers can play in the promotion of child and adolescent mental health is shown, using, as an example, two problems: Bullying-cyberbullying and depression in childhood and adolescence. Conclusions: Schools should incorporate educational psychologists to develop assessment, prevention, and intervention activities, and schools must be contexts where emotional well-being is promoted and psychological and mental health problems are prevented. The work makes a proposal for intervention from educational psychology.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen: Antecedentes: La psicología educativa ocupa el segundo lugar, después de la psicología clínica, en cuanto a perfiles de actividad profesional, sin embargo, en las últimas décadas el papel del psicólogo educativo se ha desdibujado. Método: Se revisó la literatura especializada y se actualizaron trabajos previos del autor sobre el tema. Resultados: El artículo enfatiza la relevancia de la psicología educativa en la prevención y la promoción de la salud mental infanto-juvenil. Para ello es necesario delimitar las funciones del psicólogo en contextos educativos, diferenciándolo de otros roles profesionales. Con esta finalidad: (1) se plantean las principales funciones del psicólogo educativo con el alumnado, sus familias y el profesorado; (2) se describe la formación de postgrado necesaria para desarrollar estas funciones; y (3) se evidencia el relevante papel que pueden tener los centros educativos en la promoción de la salud mental infanto-juvenil, utilizando, a modo de ejemplo, dos problemas: el bullying-cyberbullying y la depresión en la infancia y adolescencia. Conclusiones: Las escuelas deben incorporar psicólogos educativos para desarrollar actividades de evaluación, prevención e intervención, y deben ser contextos donde promover el bienestar emocional, prevenir problemas psicológicos y de salud mental. El trabajo aporta una propuesta de intervención desde la psicología educativa.

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          Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis

          AIM To identify health and psychosocial problems associated with bullying victimization and conduct a meta-analysis summarizing the causal evidence. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, ERIC and PsycINFO electronic databases up to 28 February 2015. The study included published longitudinal and cross-sectional articles that examined health and psychosocial consequences of bullying victimization. All meta-analyses were based on quality-effects models. Evidence for causality was assessed using Bradford Hill criteria and the grading system developed by the World Cancer Research Fund. RESULTS Out of 317 articles assessed for eligibility, 165 satisfied the predetermined inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Statistically significant associations were observed between bullying victimization and a wide range of adverse health and psychosocial problems. The evidence was strongest for causal associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, poor general health and suicidal ideation and behaviours. Probable causal associations existed between bullying victimization and tobacco and illicit drug use. CONCLUSION Strong evidence exists for a causal relationship between bullying victimization, mental health problems and substance use. Evidence also exists for associations between bullying victimization and other adverse health and psychosocial problems, however, there is insufficient evidence to conclude causality. The strong evidence that bullying victimization is causative of mental illness highlights the need for schools to implement effective interventions to address bullying behaviours.
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            Prevention of anxiety symptoms in primary school children: preliminary results from a universal school-based trial.

            Preliminary data are presented on the effectiveness of a universal school-based intervention for the prevention of anxiety symptoms in primary school children. A sample of 489 children (aged 10-12 years) were assigned to one of three intervention conditions: a psychologist-led preventive intervention, a teacher-led preventive intervention, or a usual care (standard curriculum) with monitoring condition. The intervention offered was the Friends for Children programme, a 12-session cognitive-behavioural intervention, originally based upon Kendall's (1994) Coping Cat programme. Participants in both intervention conditions reported fewer symptoms of anxiety at post-intervention than participants in the usual care condition. These preliminary results suggest that universal programmes for childhood anxiety are promising intervention strategies that can be successfully delivered to a school-based population and integrated into the classroom curriculum.
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              Cross-National Associations Among Cyberbullying Victimization, Self-Esteem, and Internet Addiction: Direct and Indirect Effects of Alexithymia

              The relationship among cyberbullying victimization, lower self-esteem, and internet addiction has been well-established. Yet, little research exists that explains the nature of these associations, and no previous work has considered the inability to identify or describe one’s emotions, namely, alexithymia, as a potential mediator of these links. The present study sought to investigate the indirect effects of cyberbullying victimization on self-esteem and internet addiction, mediated by alexithymia. The sample consisted of 1,442 participants between 12 and 17 years (M age = 14.17, SD = 1.38, 51.5% male) from Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States. Results showed a direct relationship between cyberbullying victimization and self-esteem and an indirect association mediated by alexithymia in the Dutch sample. However, in the German and U.S. samples, only an indirect relationship via alexithymia, but not a direct effect of cyberbullying victimization on self-esteem, was found. Consistent across the three country samples, cyberbullying victimization and internet addiction were directly and also indirectly associated via alexithymia. In sum, findings indicate that alexithymia might help better understand which detrimental effects cyberbullying victimization has on adolescent psychological health. Thus, cyberbullying prevention programs should consider implementing elements that educate adolescents on the ability to identify and describe their own emotions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                psicothema
                Psicothema
                Psicothema
                Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias (Oviedo, Asturias, Spain )
                0214-9915
                1886-144X
                December 2023
                : 35
                : 4
                : 327-339
                Affiliations
                [1] País Vasco orgnameUniversidad del País Vasco Spain
                Article
                S1886-144X2023000400001 S1886-144X(23)03500400001
                10.7334/psicothema2023.1
                37882418
                9c09b4a4-5f52-4af4-b6f0-6fbe76990689

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 February 2023
                : 03 January 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 80, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Articles

                Intervención terapéutica y psicoeducativa,Educational psychology,Child and adolescent mental health,Psychological assessment,Therapeutic and psychoeducational intervention,Psicología educativa,Salud mental infanto-juvenil,Evaluación psicológica

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