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      Cellar-Associated Saccharomyces cerevisiae Population Structure Revealed High-Level Diversity and Perennial Persistence at Sauternes Wine Estates

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          ABSTRACT

          Three wine estates (designated A, B, and C) were sampled in Sauternes, a typical appellation of the Bordeaux wine area producing sweet white wine. From those wine estates, 551 yeast strains were collected between 2012 and 2014, added to 102 older strains from 1992 to 2011 from wine estate C. All the strains were analyzed through 15 microsatellite markers, resulting in 503 unique Saccharomyces cerevisiae genotypes, revealing high genetic diversity and a low presence of commercial yeast starters. Population analysis performed using F st genetic distance or ancestry profiles revealed that the two closest wine estates, B and C, which have juxtaposed vineyard plots and common seasonal staff, share more related isolates with each other than with wine estate A, indicating exchange between estates. The characterization of isolates collected 23 years ago at wine estate C in relation to recent isolates obtained at wine estate B revealed the long-term persistence of isolates. Last, during the 2014 harvest period, a temporal succession of ancestral subpopulations related to the different batches associated with the selective picking of noble rotted grapes was highlighted.

          IMPORTANCE High genetic diversity of S. cerevisiae isolates from spontaneous fermentation on wine estates in the Sauternes appellation of Bordeaux was revealed. Only 7% of all Sauternes strains were considered genetically related to specific commercial strains. The long-term persistence (over 20 years) of S. cerevisiae profiles on a given wine estate is highlighted.

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          Author and article information

          Contributors
          Role: Editor
          Journal
          Appl Environ Microbiol
          Appl. Environ. Microbiol
          aem
          aem
          AEM
          Applied and Environmental Microbiology
          American Society for Microbiology (1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC )
          0099-2240
          1098-5336
          11 March 2016
          2 May 2016
          15 May 2016
          : 82
          : 10
          : 2909-2918
          Affiliations
          [a ]Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, France, and INRA, ISVV, USC Œnologie, Villenave d'Ornon, France
          [b ]INRA, UMR 1202, Biodiversité Gènes et Ecosystèmes, Plateforme Génomique, Cestas, France
          [c ]SPO, INRA, SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
          [d ]Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Gradignan, France
          HKI and University of Jena
          Author notes
          Address correspondence to Jean-Luc Legras, legrasjl@ 123456supagro.inra.fr , or Isabelle Masneuf-Pomarede, isabelle.masneuf@ 123456agro-bordeaux.fr .

          Citation Börlin M, Venet P, Claisse O, Salin F, Legras J-L, Masneuf-Pomarede I. 2016. Cellar-associated Saccharomyces cerevisiae population structure revealed high-level diversity and perennial persistence at Sauternes wine estates. Appl Environ Microbiol 82:2909–2918. doi: 10.1128/AEM.03627-15.

          Article
          PMC4959077 PMC4959077 4959077 03627-15
          10.1128/AEM.03627-15
          4959077
          26969698
          9c1e846a-f799-4d6a-b69b-151ceac3d666
          Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
          History
          : 8 November 2015
          : 2 March 2016
          Page count
          Figures: 4, Tables: 4, Equations: 2, References: 59, Pages: 10, Words: 8623
          Funding
          Funded by: Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004963
          Award ID: 315065
          Award Recipient : Marine Börlin Award Recipient : Isabelle Masneuf-Pomarède
          Categories
          Microbial Ecology

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