Bleeding management with fibrinogen concentrate targeting a high-normal plasma fibrinogen level: a pilot study

Abstract

Background

Bleeding diathesis after aortic valve operation and ascending aorta replacement (AV–AA) is managed with fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) and platelet concentrates. The aim was to compare haemostatic effects of conventional transfusion management and FIBTEM (thromboelastometry test)-guided fibrinogen concentrate administration.

Methods

A blood products transfusion algorithm was developed using retrospective data from 42 elective patients (Group A). Two units of platelet concentrate were transfused after cardiopulmonary bypass, followed by 4 u of FFP if bleeding persisted, if platelet count was ≤100×10 ³ µl ⁻¹ when removing the aortic clamp, and vice versa if platelet count was >100×10 ³ µl ⁻¹. The trigger for each therapy step was ≥60 g blood absorbed from the mediastinal wound area by dry swabs in 5 min. Assignment to two prospective groups was neither randomized nor blinded; Group B ( n=5) was treated according to the algorithm, Group C ( n=10) received fibrinogen concentrate (Haemocomplettan ^® P/Riastap, CSL Behring, Marburg, Germany) before the algorithm-based therapy.

Results

A mean of 5.7 (0.7) g fibrinogen concentrate decreased blood loss to below the transfusion trigger level in all Group C patients. Group C had reduced transfusion [mean 0.7 (range 0–4) u vs 8.5 (5.3) in Group A and 8.2 (2.3) in Group B] and reduced postoperative bleeding [366 (199) ml vs 793 (560) in Group A and 716 (219) in Group B].

Conclusions

In this pilot study, FIBTEM-guided fibrinogen concentrate administration was associated with reduced transfusion requirements and 24 h postoperative bleeding in patients undergoing AV–AA.