Interactions between the innate immune and blood coagulation systems

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Blood coagulation and inflammation are universal responses to infection and there is crosstalk between inflammation and coagulation that can either amplify or dampen the responses. Loss of appropriate interactions between these systems probably contributes to morbidity and mortality in infectious diseases. For instance, inflammatory cytokines and leukocyte elastase can downregulate natural anticoagulant proteins that help to maintain endothelial-cell integrity, control clotting, inhibit vasoactive peptides and dampen leukocyte infiltration into the vessel wall. This Review will summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between these two important systems.

Related collections

Most cited references 64

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

CD40 ligand on activated platelets triggers an inflammatory reaction of endothelial cells.

V Henn, J Slupsky, M. Gräfe … (1998)

CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154), a transmembrane protein structurally related to the cytokine TNF-alpha, was originally identified on stimulated CD4+ T cells, and later on stimulated mast cells and basophils. Interaction of CD40L on T cells with CD40 on B cells is of paramount importance for the development and function of the humoral immune system. CD40 is not only constitutively present on B cells, but it is also found on monocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells, suggesting that CD40L has a broader function in vivo. We now report that platelets express CD40L within seconds of activation in vitro and in the process of thrombus formation in vivo. Like TNF-alpha and interleukin-1, CD40L on platelets induces endothelial cells to secrete chemokines and to express adhesion molecules, thereby generating signals for the recruitment and extravasation of leukocytes at the site of injury. Our results indicate that platelets are not only involved in haemostasis but that they also directly initiate an inflammatory response of the vessel wall.

0 comments Cited 312 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: not found
Article: not found

Disseminated intravascular coagulation.

M. LEVI, H Ten Cate (1999)

0 comments Cited 260 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Caring for the critically ill patient. High-dose antithrombin III in severe sepsis: a randomized controlled trial.

B Warren, A. Eid, P Singer … (2001)

Activation of the coagulation system and depletion of endogenous anticoagulants are frequently found in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Diffuse microthrombus formation may induce organ dysfunction and lead to excess mortality in septic shock. Antithrombin III may provide protection from multiorgan failure and improve survival in severely ill patients. To determine if high-dose antithrombin III (administered within 6 hours of onset) would provide a survival advantage in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase 3 clinical trial in patients with severe sepsis (the KyberSept Trial) was conducted from March 1997 through January 2000. A total of 2314 adult patients were randomized into 2 equal groups of 1157 to receive either intravenous antithrombin III (30 000 IU in total over 4 days) or a placebo (1% human albumin). All-cause mortality 28 days after initiation of study medication. Overall mortality at 28 days in the antithrombin III treatment group was 38.9% vs 38.7% in the placebo group (P =.94). Secondary end points, including mortality at 56 and 90 days and survival time in the intensive care unit, did not differ between the antithrombin III and placebo groups. In the subgroup of patients who did not receive concomitant heparin during the 4-day treatment phase (n = 698), the 28-day mortality was nonsignificantly lower in the antithrombin III group (37.8%) than in the placebo group (43.6%) (P =.08). This trend became significant after 90 days (n = 686; 44.9% for antithrombin III group vs 52.5% for placebo group; P =.03). In patients receiving antithrombin III and concomitant heparin, a significantly increased bleeding incidence was observed (23.8% for antithrombin III group vs 13.5% for placebo group; P<.001). High-dose antithrombin III therapy had no effect on 28-day all-cause mortality in adult patients with severe sepsis and septic shock when administered within 6 hours after the onset. High-dose antithrombin III was associated with an increased risk of hemorrhage when administered with heparin. There was some evidence to suggest a treatment benefit of antithrombin III in the subgroup of patients not receiving concomitant heparin.

0 comments Cited 195 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Charles T. Esmon

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Trends Immunol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Trends Immunol

Title: Trends in Immunology

Publisher: Elsevier Ltd.

ISSN (Print): 1471-4906

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-4981

Publication date PMC-release: 20 August 2004

Publication date (Print): October 2004

Publication date (Electronic): 20 August 2004

Volume: 25

Issue: 10

Pages: 536-542

Affiliations

Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; Depts of Pathology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA

Article

Publisher ID: S1471-4906(04)00236-4

DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2004.08.003

PMC ID: 7185622

PubMed ID: 15364056

SO-VID: 9c35dc49-a700-4bdb-93ff-d2356a928b4d

License:

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

Interactions between the innate immune and blood coagulation systems

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

HLA-G and immune tolerance in pregnancy

Most cited references 64

CD40 ligand on activated platelets triggers an inflammatory reaction of endothelial cells.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Caring for the critically ill patient. High-dose antithrombin III in severe sepsis: a randomized controlled trial.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Article

History

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 222

Cited by 33

Most referenced authors 1,849