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      A method for rapid analysis of the root hydrotropic response in Arabidopsis thaliana

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          Abstract

          The system for analyzing the hydrotropic curvature with a moisture gradient in wild-type Arabidopsis roots was modified. Optimal conditions were determined for detecting a hydrotropic curvature of 90° just after 4 h of stimulation. This system only requires 15 ml of a solution of K 2CO 3 with a density of 1.48 g·ml -1 to generate a rapid moisture gradient inside a square Petri dish without decreasing root growth. In this, the root growth rate observed in hydrostimulated wild-type and miz1 mutant, utilized as a negative control, increases sixfold compared with those roots examined using the former method.

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          Rice yields decline with higher night temperature from global warming.

          S PENG, J. Huang, J. E. Sheehy … (2004)
          The impact of projected global warming on crop yields has been evaluated by indirect methods using simulation models. Direct studies on the effects of observed climate change on crop growth and yield could provide more accurate information for assessing the impact of climate change on crop production. We analyzed weather data at the International Rice Research Institute Farm from 1979 to 2003 to examine temperature trends and the relationship between rice yield and temperature by using data from irrigated field experiments conducted at the International Rice Research Institute Farm from 1992 to 2003. Here we report that annual mean maximum and minimum temperatures have increased by 0.35 degrees C and 1.13 degrees C, respectively, for the period 1979-2003 and a close linkage between rice grain yield and mean minimum temperature during the dry cropping season (January to April). Grain yield declined by 10% for each 1 degrees C increase in growing-season minimum temperature in the dry season, whereas the effect of maximum temperature on crop yield was insignificant. This report provides a direct evidence of decreased rice yields from increased nighttime temperature associated with global warming.
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            Steep, cheap and deep: an ideotype to optimize water and N acquisition by maize root systems.

            Jonathan Lynch (2013)
            A hypothetical ideotype is presented to optimize water and N acquisition by maize root systems. The overall premise is that soil resource acquisition is optimized by the coincidence of root foraging and resource availability in time and space. Since water and nitrate enter deeper soil strata over time and are initially depleted in surface soil strata, root systems with rapid exploitation of deep soil would optimize water and N capture in most maize production environments. • THE IDEOTYPE: Specific phenes that may contribute to rooting depth in maize include (a) a large diameter primary root with few but long laterals and tolerance of cold soil temperatures, (b) many seminal roots with shallow growth angles, small diameter, many laterals, and long root hairs, or as an alternative, an intermediate number of seminal roots with steep growth angles, large diameter, and few laterals coupled with abundant lateral branching of the initial crown roots, (c) an intermediate number of crown roots with steep growth angles, and few but long laterals, (d) one whorl of brace roots of high occupancy, having a growth angle that is slightly shallower than the growth angle for crown roots, with few but long laterals, (e) low cortical respiratory burden created by abundant cortical aerenchyma, large cortical cell size, an optimal number of cells per cortical file, and accelerated cortical senescence, (f) unresponsiveness of lateral branching to localized resource availability, and (g) low K(m) and high Vmax for nitrate uptake. Some elements of this ideotype have experimental support, others are hypothetical. Despite differences in N distribution between low-input and commercial maize production, this ideotype is applicable to low-input systems because of the importance of deep rooting for water acquisition. Many features of this ideotype are relevant to other cereal root systems and more generally to root systems of dicotyledonous crops.
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              Drought tolerance improvement in crop plants: An integrated view from breeding to genomics

              Luigi Cattivelli, Fulvia Rizza, Franz-W. Badeck … (2008)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BTN
                Title: BioTechniques
                Abbreviated Title: BioTechniques
                Abbreviated Title: BioTechniques
                Publisher: Future Science Ltd (London, UK )
                ISSN (Print): 0736-6205
                ISSN (Electronic): 1940-9818
                Publication date (Print): March 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 January 2019
                Volume: 66
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 154-158
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor., 62210, México
                Author notes
                *Author for correspondence: gladys@ 123456ibt.unam.mx
                Article
                DOI: 10.2144/btn-2018-0173
                SO-VID: 9c4450a2-1c83-49e0-9f82-e4ae32da552c
                Copyright © © 2019 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
                License:

                This work is licensed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Unported License

                History
                Date received : 15 November 2018
                Date accepted : 21 December 2018
                Date: 11 January 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Benchmarks

                ScienceOpen disciplines: General life sciences,Cell biology,Molecular biology,Biotechnology,Genetics,Life sciences
                Keywords: hydrotropic curvature, Arabidopsis thaliana ,moisture gradient
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: General life sciences, Cell biology, Molecular biology, Biotechnology, Genetics, Life sciences
                Keywords: hydrotropic curvature, Arabidopsis thaliana , moisture gradient

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