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      WU Polyomavirus (WUPyV): A Recently Detected Virus Causing Respiratory Disease?

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          Abstract

          The WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) is a novel member of the family Polyomaviridae recently detected in respiratory tract specimens by shotgun sequencing. Intriguingly, viral genome has been detected in 0.4% to 11.5% of respiratory tract specimens from children with respiratory disease. The levels of co-infection with established respiratory viruses were in the range between 30.8% and 91.7%. Moreover, some studies report detection of WUPyV in stool or serum. So far, WUPyV infections can not be distinguished from other viral infections by means of clinical symptoms. Respiratory tract disease like pneumonia or bronchitis is frequently observed in patients harbouring WUPyV. Detection of viremia suggests systemic infections. However, the available data do not prove WUPyV to be a human pathogen. Further investigations are necessary.

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          A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease

          Bernadette van den Hoogen, Jan C de Jong, Jan Groen … (2001)
          From 28 young children in the Netherlands, we isolated a paramyxovirus that was identified as a tentative new member of the Metapneumovirus genus based on virological data, sequence homology and gene constellation. Previously, avian pneumovirus was the sole member of this recently assigned genus, hence the provisional name for the newly discovered virus: human metapneumovirus. The clinical symptoms of the children from whom the virus was isolated were similar to those caused by human respiratory syncytial virus infection, ranging from upper respiratory tract disease to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Serological studies showed that by the age of five years, virtually all children in the Netherlands have been exposed to human metapneumovirus and that the virus has been circulating in humans for at least 50 years.
          Article 0 comments Cited 797 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Characterization and complete genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, coronavirus HKU1, from patients with pneumonia.

            Patrick C. Y. Woo, Susanna Lau, Chung-ming Chu … (2005)
            Despite extensive laboratory investigations in patients with respiratory tract infections, no microbiological cause can be identified in a significant proportion of patients. In the past 3 years, several novel respiratory viruses, including human metapneumovirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and human coronavirus NL63, were discovered. Here we report the discovery of another novel coronavirus, coronavirus HKU1 (CoV-HKU1), from a 71-year-old man with pneumonia who had just returned from Shenzhen, China. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed that the amount of CoV-HKU1 RNA was 8.5 to 9.6 x 10(6) copies per ml in his nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) during the first week of the illness and dropped progressively to undetectable levels in subsequent weeks. He developed increasing serum levels of specific antibodies against the recombinant nucleocapsid protein of CoV-HKU1, with immunoglobulin M (IgM) titers of 1:20, 1:40, and 1:80 and IgG titers of <1:1,000, 1:2,000, and 1:8,000 in the first, second and fourth weeks of the illness, respectively. Isolation of the virus by using various cell lines, mixed neuron-glia culture, and intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice was unsuccessful. The complete genome sequence of CoV-HKU1 is a 29,926-nucleotide, polyadenylated RNA, with G+C content of 32%, the lowest among all known coronaviruses with available genome sequence. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that CoV-HKU1 is a new group 2 coronavirus. Screening of 400 NPAs, negative for SARS-CoV, from patients with respiratory illness during the SARS period identified the presence of CoV-HKU1 RNA in an additional specimen, with a viral load of 1.13 x 10(6) copies per ml, from a 35-year-old woman with pneumonia. Our data support the existence of a novel group 2 coronavirus associated with pneumonia in humans.
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              Cloning of a human parvovirus by molecular screening of respiratory tract samples.

              Tobias Allander, Martti T Tammi, Margareta Eriksson … (2005)
              The identification of new virus species is a key issue for the study of infectious disease but is technically very difficult. We developed a system for large-scale molecular virus screening of clinical samples based on host DNA depletion, random PCR amplification, large-scale sequencing, and bioinformatics. The technology was applied to pooled human respiratory tract samples. The first experiments detected seven human virus species without the use of any specific reagent. Among the detected viruses were one coronavirus and one parvovirus, both of which were at that time uncharacterized. The parvovirus, provisionally named human bocavirus, was in a retrospective clinical study detected in 17 additional patients and associated with lower respiratory tract infections in children. The molecular virus screening procedure provides a general culture-independent solution to the problem of detecting unknown virus species in single or pooled samples. We suggest that a systematic exploration of the viruses that infect humans, "the human virome," can be initiated.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Viruses
                Title: Viruses
                Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
                ISSN (Electronic): 1999-4915
                Publication date Collection: December 2009
                Publication date (Electronic): 4 November 2009
                Volume: 1
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 678-688
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Division of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; E-Mail: akruettgen@ 123456ukaachen.de
                [2 ] Deparment of Pediatrics, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; E-Mail: haeusler@ 123456rwth-aachen.de
                [3 ] Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; E-Mail: sscheithauer@ 123456ukaachen.de
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: mkleines@ 123456ukaachen.de ; Tel.: +49 241 808 8573; Fax: +49 241 808 2483.
                Article
                Publisher ID: viruses-01-00678
                DOI: 10.3390/v1030678
                PMC ID: 3185540
                PubMed ID: 21994565
                SO-VID: 9c63bd42-9f94-4d3b-827c-d6313232f7ab
                Copyright © © 2009 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 20 August 2009
                Date revision received : 19 October 2009
                Date accepted : 4 November 2009
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: polyomaviridae,infection,wupyv,novel virus,respiratory tract disease
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: polyomaviridae, infection, wupyv, novel virus, respiratory tract disease

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