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      Puma ( Puma concolor) epididymal sperm morphometry

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          Abstract

          The Andean puma ( Puma concolor) has not been widely studied, particularly in reference to its semen characteristics. The aim of the present study was to define the morphometry of puma sperm heads and classify their subpopulations by cluster analysis. Samples were recovered postmortem from two epididymides from one animal and prepared for morphological observation after staining with the Hemacolor kit. Morphometric data were obtained from 581 spermatozoa using a CASA-Morph system, rendering 13 morphometric parameters. The principal component (PC) analysis was performed followed by cluster analysis for the establishment of subpopulations. Two PC components were obtained, the first related to size and the second to shape. Three subpopulations were observed, corresponding to elongated and intermediate-size sperm heads and acrosomes, to large heads with large acrosomes, and to small heads with short acrosomes. In conclusion, puma spermatozoa showed no uniform sperm morphology but three clear subpopulations. These results should be used for future work in the establishment of an adequate germplasm bank of this species.

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          A comparative study of sperm morphometric subpopulations in cattle, goat, sheep and pigs using a computer-assisted fluorescence method (CASMA-F).

          This study was designed to compare the sperm nuclear morphometric subpopulations of four species of domestic artiodactyls (cattle, sheep, goat and pigs). Samples from 20 males of each species were collected. After semen collection, sperm concentration and motility were measured and samples prepared for morphometric determinations. Smears were fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde, stained with Hoechst 33342 and photographed. At least 200 spermatozoa per sample were processed using the Image J analysis open software. Clustering procedures were performed to identify sperm subpopulations using the morphometric data obtained from each species. Results of the present study show that, applying the computer-assisted sperm morphometry analyisis-fluorescence (CASMA-F) technology and multivariate cluster analyses, it was possible to determine the subpopulations of spermatozoa with different morphometric characteristics in the four species studied. Bulls and boars had two clearly differentiated size categories: large and small. However, the final sperm subpopulations were four in the bull (large-round, large-elongated, small-round, and small-elongated) and only three in the boar (large, small-elongated and small-round). In small ruminant species, three sperm nuclei size categories were established: large, average sized and small. Two of these subpopulations were also elongated in goat bucks, with three subpopulations (large-round, small-elongated and average size-elongated). In the ram three morphometric subpopulations were also obtained (large, small and average size-round), but none was elongated. When comparing among species, sperm subpopulations were smaller in the buck and less elliptical and elongated in the ram than those in the other species studied. Male variability was identified in the distribution of sperm subpopulations described in the four species studied. It was concluded that the combination of CASMA-F technology with multivariate cluster analyses allow the study of morphometric sperm subpopulations and that there are important variations in the subpopulations among the four species studied.
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            A comparative analysis of ejaculate and hormonal characteristics of the captive male cheetah, tiger, leopard, and puma.

            Male cheetahs, tigers, leopards, and pumas maintained under the same conditions were anesthetized and 1) serially bled before, during, and after electroejaculation (EE); 2) serially bled only (AO); or 3) serially bled before and after receiving adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). Ejaculates from leopards contained higher (p less than 0.05) sperm concentrations than cheetahs and pumas but lower (p less than 0.05) sperm motility ratings than all other species. Tigers produced a larger seminal volume and the greatest number of motile sperm/ejaculate (p less than 0.05). The percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa was greater (p less than 0.05) in cheetahs (64.6%), leopards (79.5%), and pumas (73.5%) than in tigers (37.5%). The most prevalent spermatozoal deformities included a tightly coiled or bent flagellum, a deranged midpiece, or a residual cytoplasmic droplet. Mean baseline serum cortisol concentrations in leopards were 2- and 4-fold greater (p less than 0.05) than in tigers and cheetahs, respectively. Basal cortisol concentrations in pumas were similar to those of tigers, but irrespective of treatment increased 2-fold (p less than 0.01) during the bleeding period. An acute rise and fall in cortisol attributable to EE was observed only in cheetahs. In tigers and leopards, mean peak cortisol concentrations after ACTH were similar to maximal values observed after EE. However, peak cortisol levels in cheetahs and pumas after ACTH were greater (p less than 0.01) than the concentrations measured after EE, indicating that these manipulatory procedures were not eliciting a maximal adrenal response. In the EE groups, luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels in cheetahs were lower (p less than 0.05) than in other species, whereas levels of both hormones were comparable (p greater than 0.05) in tigers, leopards, and pumas. Elevated cortisol levels in cheetahs and pumas had no discernible effect on LH/testosterone patterns; however, the results were equivocal in tigers, and, among leopards, testosterone concentrations consistently declined over time. In this study, using a standardized approach, we identify different ejaculate and endocrine characteristics of captive cheetahs, tigers, leopards, and pumas. The data extend earlier observations and demonstrate that some, but not all, Felidae species ejaculate high numbers of pleiomorphic spermatozoa. However, inter-species differences in sperm integrity do not appear related to inter-species variations in cortisol, LH, or testosterone. The observation of continuously declining testosterone concentrations only in leopards after AO, EE, or ACTH treatment suggests that rising and/or elevated cortiso
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              The spermatozoon of Eurasian murine rodents: Its morphological diversity and evolution.

              W G Breed (2004)
              The murine rodents are the most speciose subfamily of mammals. Here the morphology of the spermatozoon, as determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy of representative species from four Eurasian clades, is described. Much interspecific variability in all components of the spermatozoon was found to occur, although most species have a bilaterally flattened sperm head with a single apical hook of variable length and orientation. Ultrastructural observations indicate that this apical hook invariably contains a nuclear projection as well as a large extension of the subacrosomal cytoskeleton, as a perforatorium rostrally, and a complex asymmetrical acrosomal extension. These spermatozoa also have relatively long tails that are attached to the lower concave surface of the sperm head. Uniquely, in species in the Apodemus clade, the apical hook is orientated caudally. In a few species a highly derived sperm head morphotype that does not contain an apical hook is present. These sperm heads vary in morphology from being globular in two species of Bandicota, to bilaterally flattened and paddle-shaped in Tokudaia and Micromys. In spermatozoa of the latter two genera the subacrosomal cytoskeleton, which is less extensive than in species with a hooked sperm head, forms an apical extension, but that is not the case in Bandicota. In all species where the sperm head lacks an apical hook the acrosome is more symmetrical. The sperm tail is much shorter in these species, with attachment to the head occurring on the ventral surface in Tokudaia and basal in Micromys and the two species of Bandicota. As the sperm head morphotype with a complex apical hook is present in all the major clades of murine rodents, it is likely to be a plesiomorphic character within each of these clades, with the nonhooked sperm heads, which vary greatly in structure between species of the different lineages, probably being independently derived. The ultrastructural organization of the sperm head of Bandicota, but not those of Micromys or Tokudaia, suggest divergence in some of the morphological events associated with sperm-egg interaction at the time of fertilization. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Asian J Androl
                Asian J. Androl
                AJA
                Asian Journal of Andrology
                Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                1008-682X
                1745-7262
                Nov-Dec 2016
                27 September 2016
                : 18
                : 6
                : 879-881
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Zootechny School, National University of San Atonio Abad del Cusco, Postal code 921 Cusco, Perú
                [2 ]Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology Department, University of València, C/. Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
                [3 ]Proiser R+D, S.L., Scientific Park of the University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Dr. C Soler ( carles.soler@ 123456proiser.com )
                Article
                AJA-18-879
                10.4103/1008-682X.187584
                5109879
                27678466
                9c66ddee-8d48-4c6d-b1ea-fb10018fe34c
                Copyright: © 2016 AJA, SIMM & SJTU

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

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                Invited Original Article

                principal component analysis,puma,sperm morphometry,subpopulation,wild animal

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