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      A new cockroach (Blattodea, Corydiidae) with pectinate antennae from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

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          Abstract

          A new species of fossil cockroach, Fragosublatta pectinata gen. et sp. nov., is described from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. The new species is assigned to the family Corydiidae based on the following combination of characters: pronotum with tubercles, tegmina obovate with smallish anal region and spinules on the antero-ventral margin of the front femur (type C1). The new species is the second reported cockroach with ramified antennae. This finding broadens the diversity of Blattodea in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber and provides further evidence of convergent evolution for antennal structures among different insect lineages.

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          Death of an order: a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study confirms that termites are eusocial cockroaches.

          Termites are instantly recognizable mound-builders and house-eaters: their complex social lifestyles have made them incredibly successful throughout the tropics. Although known as 'white ants', they are not ants and their relationships with other insects remain unclear. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses, the most comprehensive yet attempted, show that termites are social cockroaches, no longer meriting being classified as a separate order (Isoptera) from the cockroaches (Blattodea). Instead, we propose that they should be treated as a family (Termitidae) of cockroaches. It is surprising to find that a group of wood-feeding cockroaches has evolved full sociality, as other ecologically dominant fully social insects (e.g. ants, social bees and social wasps) have evolved from solitary predatory wasps.
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            Insect Antennae

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              A probable pollination mode before angiosperms: Eurasian, long-proboscid scorpionflies.

              The head and mouthpart structures of 11 species of Eurasian scorpionflies represent three extinct and closely related families during a 62-million-year interval from the late Middle Jurassic to the late Early Cretaceous. These taxa had elongate, siphonate (tubular) proboscides and fed on ovular secretions of extinct gymnosperms. Five potential ovulate host-plant taxa co-occur with these insects: a seed fern, conifer, ginkgoopsid, pentoxylalean, and gnetalean. The presence of scorpionfly taxa suggests that siphonate proboscides fed on gymnosperm pollination drops and likely engaged in pollination mutualisms with gymnosperms during the mid-Mesozoic, long before the similar and independent coevolution of nectar-feeding flies, moths, and beetles on angiosperms. All three scorpionfly families became extinct during the later Early Cretaceous, coincident with global gymnosperm-to-angiosperm turnover.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Zookeys
                Zookeys
                2
                urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:45048D35-BB1D-5CE8-9668-537E44BD4C7E
                urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91BD42D4-90F1-4B45-9350-EEF175B1727A
                ZooKeys
                Pensoft Publishers
                1313-2989
                1313-2970
                2021
                24 September 2021
                : 1060
                : 155-169
                Affiliations
                [1 ] College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China Capital Normal University Beijing China
                [2 ] Tianjin Natural History Museum, 31 Youyi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300203, China Tianjin Natural History Museum Tianjin China
                [3 ] Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013–7012, USA National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Washington United States of America
                Author notes

                Academic editor: Fred Legendre

                Article
                67216
                10.3897/zookeys.1060.67216
                8486729
                9c83fb1f-2e13-477d-ba58-b5dd7fb91572
                Guanyu Chen, Lifang Xiao, Junhui Liang, Chungkun Shih, Dong Ren

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 11 April 2021
                : 24 August 2021
                Categories
                Short Communication
                Blattodea
                Palaeontology
                Mesozoic
                Asia

                Animal science & Zoology
                convergent evolution,myanmar,new genus,new species,pectinate antenna,sexual dimorphism,systematic palaeoentomology

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