Systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy: a powerful approach to study the embodied human brain

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Abstract.

In this Outlook paper, we explain why an accurate physiological interpretation of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging signals is facilitated when systemic physiological activity (e.g., cardiorespiratory and autonomic activity) is measured simultaneously by employing systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy (SPA-fNIRS). The rationale for SPA-fNIRS is twofold: (i) SPA-fNIRS enables a more complete interpretation and understanding of the fNIRS signals measured at the head since they contain components originating from neurovascular coupling and from systemic physiological sources. The systemic physiology signals measured with SPA-fNIRS can be used for regressing out physiological confounding components in fNIRS signals. Misinterpretations can thus be minimized. (ii) SPA-fNIRS enables to study the embodied brain by linking the brain with the physiological state of the entire body, allowing novel insights into their complex interplay. We envisage the SPA-fNIRS approach will become increasingly important in the future.

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Most cited references 140

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This year marks the 20th anniversary of functional near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging (fNIRS/fNIRI). As the vast majority of commercial instruments developed until now are based on continuous wave technology, the aim of this publication is to review the current state of instrumentation and methodology of continuous wave fNIRI. For this purpose we provide an overview of the commercially available instruments and address instrumental aspects such as light sources, detectors and sensor arrangements. Methodological aspects, algorithms to calculate the concentrations of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin and approaches for data analysis are also reviewed. From the single-location measurements of the early years, instrumentation has progressed to imaging initially in two dimensions (topography) and then three (tomography). The methods of analysis have also changed tremendously, from the simple modified Beer-Lambert law to sophisticated image reconstruction and data analysis methods used today. Due to these advances, fNIRI has become a modality that is widely used in neuroscience research and several manufacturers provide commercial instrumentation. It seems likely that fNIRI will become a clinical tool in the foreseeable future, which will enable diagnosis in single subjects. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Felix Scholkmann:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-4852

Ilias Tachtsidis:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8125-0313

Martin Wolf:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7525-891X

Ursula Wolf:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-1143

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neurophotonics

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Neurophotonics

Journal ID (coden): NEUROW

Journal ID (publisher-id): NPh

Title: Neurophotonics

Publisher: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers

ISSN (Print): 2329-423X

ISSN (Electronic): 2329-4248

Publication date (Electronic): 11 July 2022

Publication date (Print): July 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 11 July 2022

Volume: 9

Issue: 3

Electronic Location Identifier: 030801

Affiliations

[a ]University of Bern , Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland

[b ]University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich , Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Neonatology Research, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland

[c ]University College London , Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom

Author notes

[* ]Address all correspondence to Felix Scholkmann, Felix. Scholkmann@ 123456unibe.ch

Author information

Felix Scholkmann https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-4852

Ilias Tachtsidis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8125-0313

Martin Wolf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7525-891X

Ursula Wolf https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-1143

Article

Publisher-manuscript ID: NPh-22011KRR Publisher ID: 22011KRR

DOI: 10.1117/1.NPh.9.3.030801

PMC ID: 9272976

PubMed ID: 35832785

SO-VID: 9cee9178-9f81-4f56-a893-5aaded3658af

License:

Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

History

Date received : 15 February 2022

Date accepted : 7 June 2022

Page count

Figures: 9, Tables: 0, References: 140, Pages: 24

Custom metadata

running-head Scholkmann et al.: Systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy…

Keywords: systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy,functional near-infrared spectroscopy,integrative physiology,neurosystemic functional connectivity

Data availability:

Keywords: systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, integrative physiology, neurosystemic functional connectivity

Systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy: a powerful approach to study the embodied human brain

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