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      Medibots: Dual-Action Biogenic Microdaggers for Single-Cell Surgery and Drug Release

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      Advanced Materials
      Wiley-Blackwell

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          Abstract

          An innovative concept for the fabrication of dual-action microrobots capable of performing single-cell microsurgery along with a site-directed drug-delivery feature is presented. These multi-action plant-derived biocompatible "medibots" can play a pivotal role in understanding micromotor interactions at the cellular level, aiming toward the destruction of harmful cells (like cancer) among others in living systems.

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          Microrobots for minimally invasive medicine.

          Microrobots have the potential to revolutionize many aspects of medicine. These untethered, wirelessly controlled and powered devices will make existing therapeutic and diagnostic procedures less invasive and will enable new procedures never before possible. The aim of this review is threefold: first, to provide a comprehensive survey of the technological state of the art in medical microrobots; second, to explore the potential impact of medical microrobots and inspire future research in this field; and third, to provide a collection of valuable information and engineering tools for the design of medical microrobots.
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            Is Open Access

            Acidic extracellular microenvironment and cancer

            Acidic extracellular pH is a major feature of tumor tissue, extracellular acidification being primarily considered to be due to lactate secretion from anaerobic glycolysis. Clinicopathological evidence shows that transporters and pumps contribute to H+ secretion, such as the Na+/H+ exchanger, the H+-lactate co-transporter, monocarboxylate transporters, and the proton pump (H+-ATPase); these may also be associated with tumor metastasis. An acidic extracellular pH not only activates secreted lysosomal enzymes that have an optimal pH in the acidic range, but induces the expression of certain genes of pro-metastatic factors through an intracellular signaling cascade that is different from hypoxia. In addition to lactate, CO2 from the pentose phosphate pathway is an alternative source of acidity, showing that hypoxia and extracellular acidity are, while being independent from each other, deeply associated with the cellular microenvironment. In this article, the importance of an acidic extracellular pH as a microenvironmental factor participating in tumor progression is reviewed.
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              Artificial bacterial flagella: Fabrication and magnetic control

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Advanced Materials
                Adv. Mater.
                Wiley-Blackwell
                09359648
                February 2016
                February 2016
                : 28
                : 5
                : 832-837
                Article
                10.1002/adma.201504327
                26619085
                9d012180-27c5-4acf-8ec7-892e6edcacd4
                © 2016

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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