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      The effects of stress and sex on selection, genetic covariance, and the evolutionary response

      1 , 2
      Journal of Evolutionary Biology
      Wiley

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          Most cited references34

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          Intralocus sexual conflict.

          Intralocus sexual conflict occurs when selection on a shared trait in one sex displaces the other sex from its phenotypic optimum. It arises because many shared traits have a common genetic basis but undergo contrasting selection in the sexes. A recent surge of interest in this evolutionary tug of war has yielded evidence of such conflicts in laboratory and natural populations. Here we highlight outstanding questions about the causes and consequences of intralocus sexual conflict at the genomic level, and its long-term implications for sexual coevolution. Whereas recent thinking has focussed on the role of intralocus sexual conflict as a brake on sexual coevolution, we urge a broader appraisal that also takes account of its potential to drive adaptive evolution and speciation.
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            Heritable variation and evolution under favourable and unfavourable conditions.

            Genetic variability in quantitative traits can change as a direct response to the environmental conditions in which they are expressed. Consequently, similar selection in different environments might not be equally effective in leading to adaptation. Several hypotheses, including recent ones that focus on the historical impact of selection on populations, predict that the expression of genetic variation will increase in unfavourable conditions. However, other hypotheses lead to the opposite prediction. Although a consensus is unlikely, recent Drosophila and bird studies suggest consistent trends for morphological traits under particular conditions.
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              Estimating nonlinear selection gradients using quadratic regression coefficients: double or nothing?

              The use of regression analysis has been instrumental in allowing evolutionary biologists to estimate the strength and mode of natural selection. Although directional and correlational selection gradients are equal to their corresponding regression coefficients, quadratic regression coefficients must be doubled to estimate stabilizing/disruptive selection gradients. Based on a sample of 33 papers published in Evolution between 2002 and 2007, at least 78% of papers have not doubled quadratic regression coefficients, leading to an appreciable underestimate of the strength of stabilizing and disruptive selection. Proper treatment of quadratic regression coefficients is necessary for estimation of fitness surfaces and contour plots, canonical analysis of the gamma matrix, and modeling the evolution of populations on an adaptive landscape.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Evolutionary Biology
                J. Evol. Biol.
                Wiley
                1010061X
                October 2017
                October 2017
                August 20 2017
                : 30
                : 10
                : 1898-1909
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of BioSciences; University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC Australia
                [2 ]Research School of Biology; Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
                Article
                10.1111/jeb.13149
                9d183ddb-eef5-4431-88ea-0e724e6c1d92
                © 2017

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

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