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      Use of Chest CT in Combination with Negative RT-PCR Assay for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus but High Clinical Suspicion

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      , MD * , , MD * , , MD, , MD, , BD, , BD, , BD, , MD, , MD
      Radiology
      Radiological Society of North America

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          Abstract

          Online supplemental material is available for this article. A 36-year-old man presented to the hospital with a 2-day history of fever, sore throat, and fatigue 5 days after visiting Wuhan, China. His temperature on admission was 37.8°C (100.04°F). Pulmonary auscultation was normal. Laboratory studies showed a normal white blood cell count (4.6 × 109/L) with a differential count of 53.1% neutrophils. The blood procalcitonin level was normal. Chest CT showed multiple peripheral ground-glass opacities in both lungs with more involvement of the left upper lobe, lingular segment (Figure a–c). At admission, the real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of the sputum was negative for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid. Figure a: Images in a 36-year-old man with a 2-day history of fever, sore throat, and fatigue 5 days after visiting Wuhan, China, and a negative sputum real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction assay for the 2019 novel coronavirus. (a, b) Chest CT scans obtained at presentation show ground-glass opacities (red box) in the right upper lobe and the lingular segment and left lower lobe (b). (c) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained at admission. (d, e) CT scans obtained 3 days after admission show progression of ground-glass opacities to an atoll sign in the right upper lobe (red boxes in d) and left lower lobe consolidation (red boxes in e). (f) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained 3 days after admission shows the new areas of consolidation. See also Movies 1 and 2 (online) Figure b: Images in a 36-year-old man with a 2-day history of fever, sore throat, and fatigue 5 days after visiting Wuhan, China, and a negative sputum real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction assay for the 2019 novel coronavirus. (a, b) Chest CT scans obtained at presentation show ground-glass opacities (red box) in the right upper lobe and the lingular segment and left lower lobe (b). (c) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained at admission. (d, e) CT scans obtained 3 days after admission show progression of ground-glass opacities to an atoll sign in the right upper lobe (red boxes in d) and left lower lobe consolidation (red boxes in e). (f) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained 3 days after admission shows the new areas of consolidation. See also Movies 1 and 2 (online) Figure c: Images in a 36-year-old man with a 2-day history of fever, sore throat, and fatigue 5 days after visiting Wuhan, China, and a negative sputum real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction assay for the 2019 novel coronavirus. (a, b) Chest CT scans obtained at presentation show ground-glass opacities (red box) in the right upper lobe and the lingular segment and left lower lobe (b). (c) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained at admission. (d, e) CT scans obtained 3 days after admission show progression of ground-glass opacities to an atoll sign in the right upper lobe (red boxes in d) and left lower lobe consolidation (red boxes in e). (f) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained 3 days after admission shows the new areas of consolidation. See also Movies 1 and 2 (online) Figure d: Images in a 36-year-old man with a 2-day history of fever, sore throat, and fatigue 5 days after visiting Wuhan, China, and a negative sputum real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction assay for the 2019 novel coronavirus. (a, b) Chest CT scans obtained at presentation show ground-glass opacities (red box) in the right upper lobe and the lingular segment and left lower lobe (b). (c) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained at admission. (d, e) CT scans obtained 3 days after admission show progression of ground-glass opacities to an atoll sign in the right upper lobe (red boxes in d) and left lower lobe consolidation (red boxes in e). (f) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained 3 days after admission shows the new areas of consolidation. See also Movies 1 and 2 (online) Figure e: Images in a 36-year-old man with a 2-day history of fever, sore throat, and fatigue 5 days after visiting Wuhan, China, and a negative sputum real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction assay for the 2019 novel coronavirus. (a, b) Chest CT scans obtained at presentation show ground-glass opacities (red box) in the right upper lobe and the lingular segment and left lower lobe (b). (c) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained at admission. (d, e) CT scans obtained 3 days after admission show progression of ground-glass opacities to an atoll sign in the right upper lobe (red boxes in d) and left lower lobe consolidation (red boxes in e). (f) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained 3 days after admission shows the new areas of consolidation. See also Movies 1 and 2 (online) Figure f: Images in a 36-year-old man with a 2-day history of fever, sore throat, and fatigue 5 days after visiting Wuhan, China, and a negative sputum real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction assay for the 2019 novel coronavirus. (a, b) Chest CT scans obtained at presentation show ground-glass opacities (red box) in the right upper lobe and the lingular segment and left lower lobe (b). (c) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained at admission. (d, e) CT scans obtained 3 days after admission show progression of ground-glass opacities to an atoll sign in the right upper lobe (red boxes in d) and left lower lobe consolidation (red boxes in e). (f) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained 3 days after admission shows the new areas of consolidation. See also Movies 1 and 2 (online) Movie 1: Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained at admission (see Figure c). Movie 2: Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained 3 days after admission shows the new areas of consolidation (see Figure f). Repeat CT chest performed 3 days after admission showed transformation of ground-glass opacities to more consolidation (Figure d–f). A repeat RT-PCR 2019-nCoV nucleic acid assay was also negative at this time. Six days after admission, the third RT-PCR 2019-nCoV nucleic acid assay was finally found to be positive. When specimen tests are negative, the possibility of a false-negative result should be considered in the context of a patient’s recent exposures and the presence of clinical signs and symptoms consistent with 2019-nCoV infection (1,2). In this case, chest CT findings were typical of findings for 2019-nCoV pneumonia (3) coupled with recent exposure suggesting that 2019-nCoV infection was likely.

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          Emerging 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia

          Background The chest CT findings of patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia have not previously been described in detail. Purpose To investigate the clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings of emerging 2019-nCoV pneumonia in humans. Materials and Methods Fifty-one patients (25 men and 26 women; age range 16–76 years) with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction underwent thin-section CT. The imaging findings, clinical data, and laboratory data were evaluated. Results Fifty of 51 patients (98%) had a history of contact with individuals from the endemic center in Wuhan, China. Fever (49 of 51, 96%) and cough (24 of 51, 47%) were the most common symptoms. Most patients had a normal white blood cell count (37 of 51, 73%), neutrophil count (44 of 51, 86%), and either normal (17 of 51, 35%) or reduced (33 of 51, 65%) lymphocyte count. CT images showed pure ground-glass opacity (GGO) in 39 of 51 (77%) patients and GGO with reticular and/or interlobular septal thickening in 38 of 51 (75%) patients. GGO with consolidation was present in 30 of 51 (59%) patients, and pure consolidation was present in 28 of 51 (55%) patients. Forty-four of 51 (86%) patients had bilateral lung involvement, while 41 of 51 (80%) involved the posterior part of the lungs and 44 of 51 (86%) were peripheral. There were more consolidated lung lesions in patients 5 days or more from disease onset to CT scan versus 4 days or fewer (431 of 712 lesions vs 129 of 612 lesions; P < .001). Patients older than 50 years had more consolidated lung lesions than did those aged 50 years or younger (212 of 470 vs 198 of 854; P < .001). Follow-up CT in 13 patients showed improvement in seven (54%) patients and progression in four (31%) patients. Conclusion Patients with fever and/or cough and with conspicuous ground-glass opacity lesions in the peripheral and posterior lungs on CT images, combined with normal or decreased white blood cells and a history of epidemic exposure, are highly suspected of having 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia. © RSNA, 2020
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            China novel coronavirus investigating and research team. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China

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              Author and article information

              Contributors
              Journal
              Radiology
              Radiology
              Radiology
              Radiology
              Radiological Society of North America
              0033-8419
              1527-1315
              12 February 2020
              : 200330
              Affiliations
              [1]From the Department of Radiology, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai 519000, China (P.H., T.L., L.H., H.L., M.L., W.X., X.H., J.C.); and Department of Radiology, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Rd, Guangzhou 510000, China (B.L.).
              Author notes
              Address correspondence to B.L. (e-mail: liubogzcm@ 123456163.com ).
              Author information
              https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3463-5154
              https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6213-9356
              https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-458X
              https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9689-6750
              https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5049-5759
              https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9159-1226
              Article
              200330
              10.1148/radiol.2020200330
              7233360
              32049600
              9d218c91-6971-4b31-a7c9-ed2ca2184622
              2020 by the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

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              History
              : 6 February 2020
              : 7 February 2020
              : 7 February 2020
              : 9 February 2020
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              Images in Radiology

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