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      Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors

      Author(s): 1 , 1 , 2 , 3
      Editor(s): Cochrane Gynaecological, Neuro-oncology and Orphan Cancer Group
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
      Publisher: Wiley

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          Abstract

          Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV) types is causally linked with the development of cervical precancer and cancer. HPV types 16 and 18 cause approximately 70% of cervical cancers worldwide.

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          Worldwide prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus DNA in women with normal cytology: a meta-analysis.

          Silvia de Sanjosé, Mireia Díaz, Xavier Castellsagué … (2007)
          We set out to estimate the age and genotype-specific prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in women with normal cervical cytology worldwide by meta-analysis of a systematic literature review. Reports on HPV prevalence published between January, 1995, and January, 2005, were retrieved. To be included, studies required information on cervical cytology, plus detailed descriptions of study populations, methods used to collect cervical samples, and assays used for HPV DNA detection and typing. Final analyses included 78 studies that could be separated into women with normal cytology, and of which subsets of 44 and 48 studies had data on age and type-specific HPV prevalence, respectively. Overall HPV prevalence in 157 879 women with normal cervical cytology was estimated to be 10.4% (95% CI 10.2-10.7). Corresponding estimates by region were Africa 22.1% (20.9-23.4), Central America and Mexico 20.4% (19.3-21.4), northern America 11.3% (10.6-12.1), Europe 8.1% (7.8-8.4), and Asia 8.0% (7.5-8.4). In all world regions, HPV prevalence was highest in women younger than 35 years of age, decreasing in women of older age. In Africa, the Americas, and Europe, a clear second peak of HPV prevalence was observed in women aged 45 years or older. On the basis of these estimates, around 291 million women worldwide are carriers of HPV DNA, of whom 32% are infected with HPV16 or HPV18, or both. The HPV types most commonly detected are similar to those most commonly described in pre-neoplastic and cancer cases, although the relative contribution of HPV16 and HPV18 is substantially lower in cytologically normal women.
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            Efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer caused by oncogenic HPV types (PATRICIA): final analysis of a double-blind, randomised study in young women

            J Paavonen, P Naud, J. Salmerón … (2009)
            The Lancet, 374(9686), 301-314
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              Worldwide burden of cervical cancer in 2008.

              M Arbyn, X Castellsagué, S de Sanjosé … (2011)
              The knowledge that persistent human papillomavirus infection is the main cause of cervical cancer has resulted in the development of assays that detect nucleic acids of the virus and prophylactic vaccines. Up-to-date and reliable data are needed to assess impact of existing preventive measures and to define priorities for the future. Best estimates on cervical cancer incidence and mortality are presented using recently compiled data from cancer and mortality registries for the year 2008. There were an estimated 530,000 cases of cervical cancer and 275,000 deaths from the disease in 2008. It is the third most common female cancer ranking after breast (1.38 million cases) and colorectal cancer (0.57 million cases). The incidence of cervical cancer varies widely among countries with world age-standardised rates ranging from 50 per 100,000. Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women in Eastern, Western and Middle Africa; Central America; South-Central Asia and Melanesia. The highest incidence rate is observed in Guinea, with ∼6.5% of women developing cervical cancer before the age of 75 years. India is the country with the highest disease frequency with 134,000 cases and 73 000 deaths. Cervical cancer, more than the other major cancers, affects women <45 years. In spite of effective screening methods, cervical cancer continues to be a major public health problem. New methodologies of cervical cancer prevention should be made available and accessible for women of all countries through well-organised programmes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
                Publisher: Wiley
                ISSN (Electronic): 14651858
                Publication date (Electronic): May 09 2018
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Sciensano; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer Centre; Juliette Wytsmanstreet 14 Brussels Belgium B-1050
                [2 ]University of Antwerp; Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology; Groenenborgerlaan 171 Antwerp Belgium B-2020
                [3 ]Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospital NHS Trust; Gynaecological Oncology Unit; Sharoe Green Lane Fullwood Preston Lancashire UK PR2 9HT
                Article
                DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009069.pub3
                PMC ID: 6494566
                PubMed ID: 29740819
                SO-VID: 9d4077f5-d88f-4bf9-b40e-efd1a32342a7
                Copyright © © 2018
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