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      Fucoidan Promotes the Reconstruction of Skin Equivalents

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          Abstract

          In this study we investigated the effects of fucoidan on the proliferation of fibroblasts and the reconstruction of a skin equivalent (SE). Fucoidan significantly stimulated the proliferation of CCD-25Sk human fibroblasts and Western blot analysis demonstrated that fucoidan markedly increased the expression of cyclin D1 and decreased the expression of p27. Fucoidan was used to reconstruct SE. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the addition of fucoidan to dermal equivalents increased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p63. In addition, expression of α6-integrin was significantly increased by fucoidan, whereas expression of β1-integrin, type 1 collagen, elastin, fibronectin did not markedly change. These results suggest that fucoidan has positive effects on epidermal reconstruction and will therefore be beneficial in the reconstruction of SE.

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          p63 regulates proliferation and differentiation of developmentally mature keratinocytes.

          Todd W Ridky, Paul A Khavari, Thuy B. Truong … (2006)
          p63 is a multi-isoform p53 family member required for epidermal development. Contrasting roles for p63 in either the initial commitment to the stratified epithelial cell fate or in stem cell-based self-renewal have been proposed. To investigate p63 function in a post-developmental context, we used siRNAs directed against p63 to down-regulate p63 expression in regenerating human epidermis. Loss of p63 resulted in severe tissue hypoplasia and inhibited both stratification and differentiation in a cell-autonomous manner. Although p63-deficient cells exhibited hypoproliferation, differentiation defects were not due to tissue hypoplasia. Simultaneous p63 and p53 knockdown rescued the cell proliferation defect of p63 knockdown alone but failed to restore differentiation, suggesting that defects in epidermal proliferation and differentiation are mediated via p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms, respectively. Furthermore, DeltaNp63 isoforms are the main mediators of p63 effects, although TAp63 isoforms may contribute to late differentiation. These data indicate that p63 is required for both the proliferative and differentiation potential of developmentally mature keratinocytes.
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            Brown seaweed fucoidan: biological activity and apoptosis, growth signaling mechanism in cancer.

            Il-kwon Kim, Kalimuthu Senthilkumar, Panchanathan Manivasagan … (2013)
            Seaweeds, being abundant sources of bioactive components have much interest in recent times. The complex polysaccharides from the brown, red and green seaweeds possess broad spectrum therapeutic properties. The sulfated polysaccharides are routinely used in biomedical research and have known biological activities. Fucoidan, a fucose-rich polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed has various biological functions including anticancer effects. Cellular damage induces growth arrest and tumor suppression by inducing apoptosis, the mechanism of cell death depends on the magnitude of DNA damage following exposure to anticancer agents. Apoptosis is mainly regulated by cell growth signaling molecules. Number of research studies evidenced that fucoidan shown to induce cytotoxicity of various cancer cells, induces apoptosis, and inhibits invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of cancer cells. There are few articles discussing on fucoidan biological activity but no specific review on cancer and its signaling mechanism. Hence, this review discusses the brown seaweed fucoidan structure and some biological function and role in apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and growth signal mechanism on cancer. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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              Fucoidan from Sargassum sp. and Fucus vesiculosus reduces cell viability of lung carcinoma and melanoma cells in vitro and activates natural killer cells in mice in vivo.

              Marcel Ale, Hiroko Maruyama, Hidekazu Tamauchi … (2011)
              Fucoidan is known to exhibit crucial biological activities, including anti-tumor activity. In this study, we examined the influence of crude fucoidan extracted from Sargassum sp. (MTA) and Fucus vesiculosus (SIG) on Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LCC) and melanoma B16 cells (MC). In vitro studies were performed using cell viability analysis and showed that SIG and MTA fucoidans significantly decreased the viable number of LCC and MC cells in a dose-response fashion. Histochemical staining showed morphological changes of melanoma B16 cells after exposure to fucoidan. The observed changes were indicative of crude fucoidan induced apoptosis. Male C57BL/6JJCL mice were subjected to daily i.p. injections over 4 days with either SIG or MTA fucoidan (50mg/kg body wt.). The cytolytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells was enhanced by crude fucoidan in a dose-dependent manner as indicated by (51)Cr labeled YAC-1 target cell release. This study provides substantial indications that crude fucoidan exerts bioactive effects on lung and skin cancer model cells in vitro and induces enhanced natural killer cell activity in mice in vivo. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Korean J Physiol Pharmacol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): KJPP
                Title: The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology : Official Journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology
                Publisher: The Korean Physiological Society and The Korean Society of Pharmacology
                ISSN (Print): 1226-4512
                ISSN (Electronic): 2093-3827
                Publication date (Print): August 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 August 2014
                Volume: 18
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 327-331
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
                [2 ]Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Korea.
                Author notes
                Corresponding to: Dong-Seok Kim, Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea. (Tel) 82-2-820-5768, (Fax) 82-2-820-5768, ds_kim@ 123456cau.ac.kr
                Article
                DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.4.327
                PMC ID: 4146635
                PubMed ID: 25177165
                SO-VID: 9d492b12-b43b-4d51-8032-b38faefed392
                Copyright © Copyright © 2014 The Korean Physiological Society and The Korean Society of Pharmacology
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 27 March 2014
                Date revision received : 20 June 2014
                Date accepted : 27 June 2014
                Funding
                Funded by: Ministry of Health and Welfare
                Award ID: A103017
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: fibroblasts,fucoidan,proliferation,skin equivalent
                Data availability:
                Keywords: fibroblasts, fucoidan, proliferation, skin equivalent

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