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      Colloquium : Excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides

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          Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films

          We report a naturally-occurring two-dimensional material (graphene that can be viewed as a gigantic flat fullerene molecule, describe its electronic properties and demonstrate all-metallic field-effect transistor, which uniquely exhibits ballistic transport at submicron distances even at room temperature.
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            Emerging photoluminescence in monolayer MoS2.

            Novel physical phenomena can emerge in low-dimensional nanomaterials. Bulk MoS(2), a prototypical metal dichalcogenide, is an indirect bandgap semiconductor with negligible photoluminescence. When the MoS(2) crystal is thinned to monolayer, however, a strong photoluminescence emerges, indicating an indirect to direct bandgap transition in this d-electron system. This observation shows that quantum confinement in layered d-electron materials like MoS(2) provides new opportunities for engineering the electronic structure of matter at the nanoscale.
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              Atomically thin MoS2: A new direct-gap semiconductor

              The electronic properties of ultrathin crystals of molybdenum disulfide consisting of N = 1, 2, ... 6 S-Mo-S monolayers have been investigated by optical spectroscopy. Through characterization by absorption, photoluminescence, and photoconductivity spectroscopy, we trace the effect of quantum confinement on the material's electronic structure. With decreasing thickness, the indirect band gap, which lies below the direct gap in the bulk material, shifts upwards in energy by more than 0.6 eV. This leads to a crossover to a direct-gap material in the limit of the single monolayer. Unlike the bulk material, the MoS2 monolayer emits light strongly. The freestanding monolayer exhibits an increase in luminescence quantum efficiency by more than a factor of 1000 compared with the bulk material.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                RMPHAT
                Reviews of Modern Physics
                Rev. Mod. Phys.
                American Physical Society (APS)
                0034-6861
                1539-0756
                April 2018
                April 4 2018
                : 90
                : 2
                Article
                10.1103/RevModPhys.90.021001
                9d5686b5-22af-4ca9-a695-39b5f51f74f5
                © 2018

                https://link.aps.org/licenses/aps-default-license

                https://link.aps.org/licenses/aps-default-accepted-manuscript-license

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