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      Probiotic-directed modulation of gut microbiota is basal microbiome dependent

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          ABSTRACT

          As an effective means to improve quality of life and prevent diseases, the demand for probiotics and related products has increased in recent years. However, it is still unclear whether a particular probiotic strain will have similar beneficial effects on healthy adults from different regions. In this study, the probiotic Lactobacillus casei Zhang (LCZ) was consumed by healthy adults from six different Asian regions and the changes in gut microbiota were compared using PacBio single molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology based on samples collected before, during and after consumption of LCZ. Our results reveal that the effect of LCZ consumption on individuals was closely related to the composition of that individual’s basal gut microbiota. A Gut Microbiota Variability Index (GMVI) was proposed to quantitatively compare the effects of LCZ on human gut microecology. Subjects from Xinjiang and Singapore regions had the highest and lowest GMVI, respectively. In general, consumption of LCZ increased the relative abundance of certain beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Coprococcus and Eubacterium rectale, while it inhibited growth of certain harmful bacteria such as Blautia and Ralstonia pickettii. In addition, consumption of LCZ was responsible for the conversion of some participants from Prevotella copri/Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (PF) enterotype to Faecalibacterium prausnitzii/Bacteroides dorei (FB) enterotype and consistently increased the abundance of lactic acid bacteria in the gut. It also increased/enhanced phosphate metabolic modules, amino acid transport systems, and isoleucine biosynthesis, but conversely decreased lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. These changes could have health benefits for healthy adults.

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          How host-microbial interactions shape the nutrient environment of the mammalian intestine.

          Humans and other mammals are colonized by a vast, complex, and dynamic consortium of microorganisms. One evolutionary driving force for maintaining this metabolically active microbial society is to salvage energy from nutrients, particularly carbohydrates, that are otherwise nondigestible by the host. Much of our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which members of the intestinal microbiota degrade complex polysaccharides comes from studies of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a prominent and genetically manipulatable component of the normal human and mouse gut. Colonization of germ-free mice with B. thetaiotaomicron has shown how this anaerobe modifies many aspects of intestinal cellular differentiation/gene expression to benefit both host and microbe. These and other studies underscore the importance of understanding precisely how nutrient metabolism serves to establish and sustain symbiotic relationships between mammals and their bacterial partners.
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            Gut microbiome, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction.

            The prevalence of obesity and related disorders such as metabolic syndrome has vastly increased throughout the world. Recent insights have generated an entirely new perspective suggesting that our microbiota might be involved in the development of these disorders. Studies have demonstrated that obesity and metabolic syndrome may be associated with profound microbiotal changes, and the induction of a metabolic syndrome phenotype through fecal transplants corroborates the important role of the microbiota in this disease. Dietary composition and caloric intake appear to swiftly regulate intestinal microbial composition and function. As most findings in this field of research are based on mouse studies, the relevance to human biology requires further investigation.
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              The ribosomal database project (RDP-II): introducing myRDP space and quality controlled public data

              Substantial new features have been implemented at the Ribosomal Database Project in response to the increased importance of high-throughput rRNA sequence analysis in microbial ecology and related disciplines. The most important changes include quality analysis, including chimera detection, for all available rRNA sequences and the introduction of myRDP Space, a new web component designed to help researchers place their own data in context with the RDP's data. In addition, new video tutorials describe how to use RDP features. Details about RDP data and analytical functions can be found at the RDP-II website ().
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Gut Microbes
                Gut Microbes
                Gut Microbes
                Taylor & Francis
                1949-0976
                1949-0984
                21 March 2020
                2020
                21 March 2020
                : 12
                : 1
                : 1736974
                Affiliations
                [a ]Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; , Huhhot, China
                [b ]Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; , Singapore, Singapore
                [c ]Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University; , Urumqi, China
                Author notes
                CONTACT Heping Zhang hepingdd@ 123456vip.sina.com Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; , Huhhot010018, China
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7805-9024
                Article
                1736974
                10.1080/19490976.2020.1736974
                7524168
                32200683
                9d6e45b0-e360-43b2-a786-2019d8a35038
                © 2020 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 3, References: 74, Pages: 21
                Categories
                Research Article
                Research Paper/Report

                Microbiology & Virology
                probiotics,lactobacillus casei zhang,enteropypes,gut microbiota,lactic acid bacteria

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