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      Mascarillas en el contexto de la COVID-19: aspectos legales y utilización Translated title: Face masks against the background of the COVID 19 pandemic: legal considerations about their use

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Revisar los requisitos de calidad y usos recomendados de los diferentes tipos de mascarillas con objeto de optimizar su uso y facilitar la identificación de los productos no conformes. Método: Se hizo una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, en el Boletín Oficial del Estado y Eudralex; se revisaron las páginas web de los Ministerios de Industria, Comercio y Turismo y Sanidad, así como las normas UNE. Resultados: Los diferentes tipos de mascarillas que se pueden encontrar en el mercado se acogen a diferentes exigencias regulatorias. Las mascarillas higiénicas no se consideran productos sanitarios ni equipo de protección individual y no necesitan autorización. No llevan marcado CE y deben cumplir con la normativa general de los productos de consumo. Para las mascarillas quirúrgicas, los criterios de calidad están definidos en la UNE-EN 14683:2019, son productos sanitarios de clase I según el Reglamento (UE) 745/2017, se les requiere declaración UE de conformidad y debe colocar el marcado CE en el producto. Las mascarillas filtrantes son equipos de protección individual de categoría III, están reguladas por el Reglamento (UE) 2016/425 y deben llevar marcado CE conforme al mismo. Por otro lado, los instrumentos de control de mercado han detectado mascarillas fraudulentas, por ello, ante cualquier duda se debe solicitar información adicional al fabricante o proveedor. Conclusiones: Los requisitos legales y de calidad de las mascarillas son suficientes para su uso seguro. Es necesario que el público general conozca estos requisitos para evitar el uso fraudulento de estos productos de alto consumo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: The objective of this article is to review the quality requirements and recommended uses of the different types of face masks with a view to helping optimize their use and facilitating identification of nonconforming products. Method: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, the Spanish Official State Gazette and Eudralex. The websites of the Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Tourism and of the Ministry of Health, as well as the relevant UNE standards were also reviewed. Results: The different types of face masks available on the market meet different regulatory requirements. Community masks are not considered medical devices or personal protective equipment and do not require marketing authorization. They do not carry a CE mark and need not comply with the general regulations applicable to consumer products. Surgical masks, for their part, must meet the quality criteria defined in UNE-EN standard 14683: 2019. According to Regulation (EU) 745/2017 they are class I devices, subject to an EU declaration of conformity, and must bear a CE mark. Filtering masks are considered category III personal protective equipment, regulated by Regulation (EU) 2016/425, and must also bear a CE mark. In spite the abundant regulations in place, market control instruments have detected counterfeit face masks, which means that public authorities and users should ask manufacturers or suppliers for additional information in case of doubt. Conclusions: The legal and quality requirements of the masks are sufficient for their safe use. It is necessary for the general public to know these requirements to avoid the fraudulent use of high consumption products.

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          Most cited references28

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          A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

          Summary In December 2019, a cluster of patients with pneumonia of unknown cause was linked to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan, China. A previously unknown betacoronavirus was discovered through the use of unbiased sequencing in samples from patients with pneumonia. Human airway epithelial cells were used to isolate a novel coronavirus, named 2019-nCoV, which formed a clade within the subgenus sarbecovirus, Orthocoronavirinae subfamily. Different from both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, 2019-nCoV is the seventh member of the family of coronaviruses that infect humans. Enhanced surveillance and further investigation are ongoing. (Funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China and the National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China.)
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            Understanding of COVID‐19 based on current evidence

            Abstract Since December 2019, a series of unexplained pneumonia cases have been reported in Wuhan, China. On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) temporarily named this new virus as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV). On 11 February 2020, the WHO officially named the disease caused by the 2019‐nCoV as coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). The COVID‐19 epidemic is spreading all over the world, especially in China. Based on the published evidence, we systematically discuss the characteristics of COVID‐19 in the hope of providing a reference for future studies and help for the prevention and control of the COVID‐19 epidemic.
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              Facemasks and hand hygiene to prevent influenza transmission in households: a cluster randomized trial.

              Few data are available about the effectiveness of nonpharmaceutical interventions for preventing influenza virus transmission. To investigate whether hand hygiene and use of facemasks prevents household transmission of influenza. Cluster randomized, controlled trial. Randomization was computer generated; allocation was concealed from treating physicians and clinics and implemented by study nurses at the time of the initial household visit. Participants and personnel administering the interventions were not blinded to group assignment. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00425893) Households in Hong Kong. 407 people presenting to outpatient clinics with influenza-like illness who were positive for influenza A or B virus by rapid testing (index patients) and 794 household members (contacts) in 259 households. Lifestyle education (control) (134 households), hand hygiene (136 households), or surgical facemasks plus hand hygiene (137 households) for all household members. Influenza virus infection in contacts, as confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or diagnosed clinically after 7 days. Sixty (8%) contacts in the 259 households had RT-PCR-confirmed influenza virus infection in the 7 days after intervention. Hand hygiene with or without facemasks seemed to reduce influenza transmission, but the differences compared with the control group were not significant. In 154 households in which interventions were implemented within 36 hours of symptom onset in the index patient, transmission of RT-PCR-confirmed infection seemed reduced, an effect attributable to fewer infections among participants using facemasks plus hand hygiene (adjusted odds ratio, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.13 to 0.87]). Adherence to interventions varied. The delay from index patient symptom onset to intervention and variable adherence may have mitigated intervention effectiveness. Hand hygiene and facemasks seemed to prevent household transmission of influenza virus when implemented within 36 hours of index patient symptom onset. These findings suggest that nonpharmaceutical interventions are important for mitigation of pandemic and interpandemic influenza. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                fh
                Farmacia Hospitalaria
                Farm Hosp.
                Grupo Aula Médica (Toledo, Toledo, Spain )
                1130-6343
                2171-8695
                August 2021
                : 45
                : 4
                : 193-197
                Affiliations
                [2] Valencia Valencia orgnameUniversitat de Valencia orgdiv1Facultad de Farmacia orgdiv2Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología Spain
                [1] Valencia orgnameMinisterio de Política Territorial y Función Pública orgdiv1Subdelegación del Gobierno en la Comunidad Valenciana orgdiv2Área Funcional de Sanidad España
                [3] Valencia Valencia orgnameUniversitat Politécnica de Valencia orgdiv1Instituto Interuniversitario de investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico Spain
                Article
                S1130-63432021000400008 S1130-6343(21)04500400008
                10.7399/fh.11553
                9d707fdd-8392-49d8-9baf-b7b599c64d84

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 March 2021
                : 04 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos Especiales

                Calidad,Revisión,Europa,Mask,SARS-CoV-2,Personal protective equipment,Medical devices,Legislation,Quality,Review,Europe,Mascarillas,Legislación,Equipamiento protección individual,Productos sanitarios

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