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      The diversity of temporal niches in mammals

      Biological Rhythm Research
      Informa UK Limited

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          Most cited references65

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          Role of melanopsin in circadian responses to light.

          Melanopsin has been proposed as an important photoreceptive molecule for the mammalian circadian system. Its importance in this role was tested in melanopsin knockout mice. These mice entrained to a light/dark cycle, phase-shifted after a light pulse, and increased circadian period when light intensity increased. Induction of the immediate-early gene c-fos was observed after a nighttime light pulse in both wild-type and knockout mice. However, the magnitude of these behavioral responses in knockout mice was 40% lower than in wild-type mice. Although melanopsin is not essential for the circadian clock to receive photic input, it contributes significantly to the magnitude of photic responses.
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            Regulation of mammalian circadian behavior by non-rod, non-cone, ocular photoreceptors.

            Circadian rhythms of mammals are entrained by light to follow the daily solar cycle (photoentrainment). To determine whether retinal rods and cones are required for this response, the effects of light on the regulation of circadian wheel-running behavior were examined in mice lacking these photoreceptors. Mice without cones (cl) or without both rods and cones (rdta/cl) showed unattenuated phase-shifting responses to light. Removal of the eyes abolishes this behavior. Thus, neither rods nor cones are required for photoentrainment, and the murine eye contains additional photoreceptors that regulate the circadian clock.
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              The "other" circadian system: food as a Zeitgeber.

              F Stephan (2002)
              It is not surprising that limiting food access to a particular time of day has profound effects on the behavior and physiology of animals. It has been clear for some time that pre-meal behavioral activation, a rise in core temperature, elevated serum corticosterone, and an increase in duodenal disaccharidases are under circadian control and that the observed circadian properties are not abolished by lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), but the search for the locus of a separate food-entrainable oscillator (FEO) has not been successful. The cloning of circadian clock genes and the discovery that these genes are expressed in many central nervous system structures outside the SCN and in peripheral tissues have led to new strategies for investigating potential loci of an FEO. Recent findings concerning the entrainment of clock gene expression in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues by periodic food access are presented, and the implications of these findings for a better understanding of a circadian system that entrains to meals, rather than to light, are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Biological Rhythm Research
                Biological Rhythm Research
                Informa UK Limited
                0929-1016
                1744-4179
                June 2008
                June 2008
                : 39
                : 3
                : 173-192
                Article
                10.1080/09291010701682690
                9d9b2c0c-fdd1-41bf-8ff7-65f3d1214af1
                © 2008
                History

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