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      Vesiculoscopía en el tratamiento de quistes de vesícula seminal, revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso Translated title: Vesiculoscopy in the treatment of seminal vesicle cysts: A literature review in relation to a case

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          Abstract

          Resumen ANTECEDENTES: los quistes de vesícula seminal son infrecuentes. Se estima una incidencia de 0.005% y se diagnostican con mayor frecuencia de la segunda a la cuarta décadas de la vida. La mayoría de los casos se manifiesta con lesión única, aunque pueden encontrarse múltiples lesiones. La presentación puede ser congénita o adquirida; la primera se asocia con alteraciones del conducto mesonéfrico (conducto de Wolf). En dos terceras partes de los casos se ha descrito agenesia renal ipsilateral (síndrome de Zinner). La forma adquirida se asocia con causas obstructivas, quizá infecciosas. CASO CLÍNICO: paciente masculino de 43 años de edad, que acudió a consulta por síntomas urinarios bajos, de vaciamiento, acompañados de hematoespermia, tenesmo rectal y dolor pélvico. DISCUSIÓN: en pacientes con quistes en la vesícula seminal se han observado formas y grados variables en su manifestación clínica, algunos cursan asintomáticos y otros con síntomas urinarios obstructivos, infecciones urinarias, hematuria, hematoespermia e incluso infertilidad. Cuando los quistes son de mayor tamaño puede haber síntomas gastrointestinales: estreñimiento y tenesmo rectal. Debido a que estos quistes son infrecuentes, no existe consenso actual acerca de la conducta a seguir y el tratamiento. Hoy el tratamiento se reserva para pacientes sintomáticos; diversos artículos proponen el abordaje endoscópico, como la primera opción de tratamiento, considerando a la vesiculoscopia como el patrón de referencia para el tratamiento de los quistes de la vesícula seminal.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract BACKGROUND: seminal vesicle cysts are rare entities. Their estimated incidence is 0.005% and they are more frequently diagnosed between the second and fourth decades of life. The majority of cases present as a single lesion, but multiple lesions have been reported. They are congenital or acquired, and the former is associated with mesophrenic duct (Wolffian duct) alterations. Two thirds of the cases include the presence of ipsilateral renal agenesis (Zinner syndrome). The acquired form is associated with obstructive, presumably infectious, causes. CLINICAL CASE: a 43-year-old man sought medical attention for lower urinary tract voiding symptoms, accompanied with hematospermia, rectal tenesmus, and pelvic pain. DISCUSSION: varying forms and degrees of clinical presentation have been observed in patients with seminal vesicle cysts. Some patients are asymptomatic, whereas others present with lower urinary tract symptoms, urinary infections, hematuria, hematospermia, and even infertility. Large cysts can be accompanied with gastrointestinal symptoms, such as constipation and rectal tenesmus. Because it is a rare condition, there is no consensus on the treatment and management of these patients. At present, treatment is reserved for symptomatic patients. Different authors propose the endoscopic approach as first-line treatment, considering vesiculoscopy as the criterion standard in seminal vesicle cyst management.

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          Most cited references20

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          CT and MRI of congenital anomalies of the seminal vesicles.

          The purpose of this article is to provide a current review of the spectrum of CT and MRI findings seen in common congenital anomalies of the seminal vesicles. CT and MRI can both accurately show renal and seminal vesicle anomalies. Seminal vesicle anomalies often occur concurrently with renal and vasal defects. MRI is a better tool for accurately defining anatomic relationships when one is planning to excise a seminal vesicle cyst or if one is considering a difficult differential diagnosis.
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            Clinical analysis of the characterization of magnetic resonance imaging in 102 cases of refractory haematospermia.

            To analyze the pathogenesis of persistent and refractory haematospermia and to evaluate the aetiological diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for this type of haematospermia. Clinical data from 102 patients with persistent and refractory haematospermia was retrospectively analysed. Data collected included history, symptoms, as well as ultrasound and MRI of the morphological features of the bilateral seminal vesicles (SV) and ejaculatory duct (ED) areas. Criteria for inclusion were haematospermia symptoms that occurred more than six times, that lasted more than 6 months, and that did not improve after >1 month of conservative treatment. Patients underwent seminal vesiculoscopy with a post-surgery follow-up of 3-48 months [average (18.1 ± 10.3) months]. Of the 102 patients that underwent MRI examination, data from 88 patients (86.3%) showed typical and characteristic changes in the ED area, including the signal intensity changes in 60 (58.8%), SV volume changes in 32(31.4%), the formation of cysts such as prostatic utricular cysts in 27 (26.5%), Müllerian cysts in 4 (3.9%), ED cysts in 5 (4.9%) and a SV cyst in 1(1.0%). The MRI findings were confirmed by seminal vesiculoscopy and all patients received appropriate treatment. In 14 patients (13.7%), no obvious abnormal changes were observed with MRIs, however, these patients were diagnosed and successfully managed using seminal vesiculoscopy. Some degrees of ED obstruction was usually found during surgery. The symptoms of haematospermia disappeared 1-2 months after surgery in all patients. Two patients had a recurrence of haematospermia, underwent the same treatment, and recovered during the follow-up period. The aetiology of the most cases of the refractory haematospermia can be distinguished using the three-dimensional MRI. Typical abnormalities observed on MR images are signal intensity, SV volume changes and cyst formation. MRI has significant etiological diagnostic value and provides reliable information for the subsequent treatment of patients with persistent and refractory haematospermia.
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              Congenital seminal vesicle cyst associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis mimicking bladder outlet obstruction: a case report and review of the literature.

              Seminal vesicle cysts combined with genitourinary anomalies are uncommon. We present a 43-year-old married man who suffered from difficulty in urination and irritating voiding symptoms for 3 years. The symptoms worsened in the last 6 months. Digital rectal examination revealed a palpable large soft mass behind the prostate. Diagnostic imaging showed a left seminal vesicle cyst with an intravesical protrusion. The ipsilateral kidney and ureter were absent. Transrectal aspiration of the cyst was performed, which improved the clinical genitourinary symptoms. The maximal and mean urinary flow rates increased from 18 to 37 mL/s and from 6 to 16 mL/s, respectively.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmu
                Revista mexicana de urología
                Rev. mex. urol.
                Sociedad Mexicana de Urología (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                0185-4542
                2007-4085
                April 2017
                : 77
                : 2
                : 151-157
                Affiliations
                [3] San Luis Potosí orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de San Luís Potosí orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Mexico
                [4] San Luis Potosí orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de San Luís Potosí orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Mexico
                [1] Zapopán orgnameUniversidad de Guadalajara orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Mexico
                [2] San Luis Potosí orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de San Luís Potosí orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Mexico
                Article
                S2007-40852017000200151 S2007-4085(17)07700200151
                9d9f9ddb-0bfc-42dc-bf04-d17e70e63507

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : March 2017
                : December 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 7
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                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Casos clínicos

                vesiculoscopy,quistes genitourinarios,hematoespermia,vesiculoscopia,vesícula seminal,quiste,genitourinary cysts,hematospermia,seminal vesicle cyst

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