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      Afecciones cutáneas en trabajadores con empleos de subsistencia y su relación con factores socioambientales y laborales. Medellín, Colombia Translated title: Skin conditions in workers with subsistence jobs and related socio-environmental and labor factors. Medellin Colombia

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN. Introducción: La información acerca de lesiones en piel y sus factores asociados, en trabajadores informales en América Latina y el Caribe aun es escasa. Objetivo: Determinar la relación existente entre las condiciones sociodemográficas, ambientales, laborales y la prevalencia de afecciones en la piel auto-reportada por trabajadores informales “venteros” del centro de Medellín. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal con intención analítica y fuente primaria de información. Se incluyeron 686 trabajadores. Se aplicó encuesta asistida, previa realización de prueba piloto y estandarización de los encuestadores. Variable dependiente; prevalencia de afecciones en piel. Variables independientes; condiciones laborales, sociodemográficas y ambientales. Se realizó control de errores con análisis estadísticos y sesgos de selección e información. Se realizaron análisis univariado, bivariado y multivariado. Resultados: Trabajadores fundamentalmente hombres (57.6%), edades entre 45-59 años, 60,0% procedente de zona rural. Trabajaban > 8 horas/día (80,6%), toda la semana, con > 20 años (50,7%) en su labor. El 72,2% no utilizaba mecanismos de protección personal. 61,5% consideraba que la contaminación ambiental afectaba su labor y su salud. 19,83% presentó afectaciones cutáneas, como; alergias (12,0%), prurito y sarpullido. Menor prevalencia de alergias en hombres (24,0%) y ≥ 60 años. Mayores prevalencias en quienes laboraban >8 horas/día (94,0%), toda la semana (43,0%), con exposición a sustancias químicas (RP=1,88.IC=1,11;3,20), vendedores de mercancía y cacharro (RP =2,06.IC: 1,08;3,91). Conclusión: Explican mayor prevalencia de alergias proceder de la zona urbana, vender mercancía y cacharro, trabajar >8 horas/día, toda la semana, exponerse a sustancias químicas, considerar que la calidad del aire afecta su labor, y presentar comorbilidades.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: The information on skin lesions and their associated factors in informal workers in Latin America is scarce. Objective: To determine the existing relationship between sociodemographic, environmental and labor conditions and the prevalence of skin conditions, self-reported by informal workers “venteros” from the Medellin downtown. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study with analytical intention and primary source of information. 686 workers were included. An assisted survey was applied, after conducting a pilot test and standardization of the interviewers. The presence of skin conditions was considered as the dependent variable and the working, sociodemographic and environmental conditions as independent variables. Error control was performed with statistical analysis, selection and information biases were controlled. Univariate and bivariate analysis was performed. Results: Mainly male workers (57.6%), ages 45-59 years, 60.0% from rural areas. They worked> 8 hours / day (80.6%), all week, with> 20 years (50.7%) in their work. 72.2% did not use personal protection mechanisms. 61.5% considered that environmental pollution affected their work and their health. 19.83% presented skin affectations, such as allergies (12.0%), pruritus and rash. Lower prevalence of allergies in men (24.0%) and ≥60 years. Higher prevalences in those who worked> 8 hours / day (94.0%), all week (43.0%), with exposure to chemical substances (PR = 1.88, IC = 1.11, 3.20), sellers of merchandise and equipment (PR = 2.06.IC: 1.08; 3.91). Conclusion: They explain a higher prevalence of allergies coming from the urban area, selling merchandise and junk, working> 8 hours / day, all week, being exposed to chemical substances, considering that air quality affects their work, and presenting comorbidities.

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              European Code against Cancer 4th Edition: Environment, occupation and cancer.

              People are exposed throughout life to a wide range of environmental and occupational pollutants from different sources at home, in the workplace or in the general environment - exposures that normally cannot be directly controlled by the individual. Several chemicals, metals, dusts, fibres, and occupations have been established to be causally associated with an increased risk of specific cancers, such as cancers of the lung, skin and urinary bladder, and mesothelioma. Significant amounts of air pollutants - mainly from road transport and industry - continue to be emitted in the European Union (EU); an increased occurrence of lung cancer has been attributed to air pollution even in areas below the EU limits for daily air pollution. Additionally, a wide range of pesticides as well as industrial and household chemicals may lead to widespread human exposure, mainly through food and water. For most environmental pollutants, the most effective measures are regulations and community actions aimed at reducing and eliminating the exposures. Thus, it is imperative to raise awareness about environmental and occupational carcinogens in order to motivate individuals to be proactive in advocating protection and supporting initiatives aimed at reducing pollution. Regulations are not homogeneous across EU countries, and protective measures in the workplace are not used consistently by all workers all the time; compliance with regulations needs to be continuously monitored and enforced. Therefore, the recommendation on Environment and Occupation of the 4th edition of the European Code against Cancer, focusing on what individuals can do to reduce their cancer risk, reads: "In the workplace, protect yourself against cancer-causing substances by following health and safety instructions."
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                medtra
                Revista de la Asociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo
                Rev Asoc Esp Espec Med Trab
                Asociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1132-6255
                3020-1160
                2021
                : 30
                : 2
                : 169-184
                Affiliations
                [2] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad CES orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Colombia
                [3] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad CES orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Colombia
                [1] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad CES orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Colombia
                [8] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad CES orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Colombia
                [6] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad CES orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Colombia
                [9] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad CES orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Colombia
                [7] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública Colombia
                [4] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad CES orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Colombia
                [5] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad CES Colombia
                Article
                S3020-11602021000200169 S3020-1160(21)03000200169
                9d9fc6a2-e7b1-4b28-9242-157858c619cd

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 June 2021
                : 21 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Textos Originales

                hipersensibilidad,factores de riesgo,enfermedades de la piel,Air Pollution,Working Conditions,Risk Factors,Skin Diseases,Hypersensitivity,condiciones de trabajo,contaminación del aire

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