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      A ciência como sublimação: o desafio da objetividade na sociologia reflexiva de Pierre Bourdieu Translated title: Science as sublimation: the challenge of objectivity in Pierre Bourdieu’s reflexive sociology

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          Abstract

          Resumo O artigo investiga a resposta de Bourdieu a um problema clássico na epistemologia das ciências sociais: como é possível um conhecimento objetivo do mundo societário se os pontos de vista dos cientistas sociais são condicionados por seu pertencimento a esse mundo? O texto expõe sua tese de que a sociologia da sociologia, ao revelar os condicionantes sociais do pensamento sobre o social, possibilita uma margem de liberdade em relação a tais condicionantes. Longe de desembocar no relativismo pluriperspectivista, portanto, a sociologia reflexiva de Bourdieu é voltada à conquista da objetividade. O trabalho também mostra que sua noção de reflexividade se articula a uma concepção de objetividade científica como efeito “sublimado” da competição regrada entre agentes interessados que caracteriza o campo da ciência. Por fim, embora simpático à proposta de Bourdieu, o artigo é pontuado com considerações críticas sobre as tensões a ela inerentes: a) o reconhecimento do caráter “posicionado” das suas intervenções sociológicas versus a intenção de capturar o espaço inteiro dos pontos de vista sociocientíficos; b) a defesa de uma reflexividade sociológica calcada na dialética racional do campo científico versus a admissão de que as ciências sociais não possuem suficiente autonomia para levar essa dialética racional a cabo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The article investigates Bourdieu’s answer to a classic problem in the epistemology of the social sciences: how is an objective knowledge of the social world possible if social scientists’ points of view are conditioned by their belonging to this world? The text presents his thesis that the sociology of sociology, by revealing the social conditionings of social thought, enables a margin of freedom from these conditionings. Far from sliding into multiperspectivistic relativism, therefore, Bourdieu’s reflexive sociology is geared towards the conquest of objectivity. The paper also shows that his notion of sociological reflexivity is articulated to a conception of scientific objectivity as a “sublimated” effect of the rule-bound competition between interested agents that characterizes the field of science. Finally, although sympathetic to Bourdieu’s proposal, the article is interspersed with critical considerations about the tensions that inhere to it: a) the recognition of the “positioned” nature of his sociological interventions versus the intention of capturing the whole space of social-scientific viewpoints; b) the defense of a sociological reflexivity based on the rational dialectic of the scientific field versus the admission that social sciences do not possess enough autonomy to bring this rational dialectic about.

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          Most cited references48

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          Reassembling the Social: An introduction of actor-network-theory

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            O poder simbólico

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              Situated Knowledge. The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of the Partial Perspective

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                s_soc
                Sociologias
                Sociologias
                Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia - UFRGS (Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil )
                1517-4522
                August 2017
                : 19
                : 45
                : 336-369
                Affiliations
                [1] Bahia orgnameUniversidade Federal da Bahia Brazil
                Article
                S1517-45222017000200336
                10.1590/15174522-019004514
                9da008e1-6a75-4165-b240-da9d35b7d6fb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 December 2015
                : 18 April 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 48, Pages: 34
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Pierre Bourdieu,Objetividade,Reflexividade,Epistemologia das Ciências Sociais,Sociologia do Conhecimento,Objectivity,Reflexivity,Epistemology of the social sciences,Sociology of knowledge

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