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      Estructura de la comunidad bacteriana en diferentes tejidos de Lobatus gigas silvestres (Linnaeus, 1758) de la Reserva de Biosfera Seaflower del Caribe Translated title: Bacterial community structure in different tissues of the wild Lobatus gigas (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Caribbean Seaflower Biosphera Reserve

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN La diversidad microbiana de Lobatus gigas no se ha estudiado a fondo a pesar de que se trata de una especie en peligro de extinción. El conocimiento de la microbiota puede ayudar a mejorar la conservación y el cultivo de esta especie. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las poblaciones bacterianas asociadas con la gónada y en los compartimentos intestinales de L. gigas en peligro de extinción de la Reserva de la Biosfera Seaflower del Caribe, utilizando métodos microbiológicos y herramientas moleculares independientes del cultivo. Se generaron los perfiles genéticos de las poblaciones bacterianas y se utilizó la Electroforesis Gradual de Gradiente de Temperatura (TTGE) para compararlos con el ADN total. Un análisis genético y estadístico de las comunidades bacterianas reveló un bajo nivel de diversidad en el tejido de las gónadas en función del número de bandas detectadas mediante TTGE. Además, se encontraron diferencias estadísticas en la estructura de la comunidad bacteriana entre el intestino anterior y el tejido del intestino posterior de L. gigas. Las afiliaciones filogenéticas dominantes de las bacterias en la gónada, según se determinó usando la secuenciación del gen RNAr 16S, pertenecen a Ralstonia (50%). Se discute la posible participación de este género en la reproducción y desarrollo del caracol. Por otro lado, los filotipos bacterianos del intestino anterior y del intestino posterior incluyeron miembros de las clases Alphaproteobactera (12.5%), Betaproteobacteria (12.5%), Gammaproteobacteria (12.5%), Bacilli (31.25%), Clostridia (6.25%), Actinobacteria (6.25%), Mollicutes (6.25%) y Deinococci (6.25%). Conocer la composición bacteriana de la gónada y del intestino anterior y posterior de L. gigas es el primer paso para explorar el manejo adecuado de esta especie, y proporciona información útil para futuras investigaciones que permitan una mejor comprensión del papel de estas poblaciones bacterianas en la salud y la tasa reproductiva de L. gigas.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The microbial diversity of Lobatus gigas has not been thoroughly studied despite of them is a specie endangered. Knowledge of microbiota may help to improve the conservation and cultivation of this species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bacterial populations associated with the gonad and the gut compartments of the wild endangered L. gigas from the Caribbean Seaflower Biosphere Reserve, using microbiological methods and culture-independent molecular tools. The genetic profiles of the bacterial populations were generated and Temporal Temperature Gradient Electrophoresis (TTGE) was used to compare them with total DNA. A genetic and statistical analysis of the bacterial communities revealed a low level of diversity in gonad tissue based on the number of bands detected using TTGE. In addition, statistical differences in bacterial community structure were found between the foregut and hindgut tissue of L. gigas. The dominant phylogenetic affiliations of the gonad bacteria, as determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, belong to Ralstonia (50%). The possible involvement of this genus in the reproduction and development of the conch is discussed. On the other hand, the bacterial phylotypes from foregut and hindgut included members of Alphaproteobactera (12.5%), Betaproteobacteria (12.5%), Gammaproteobacteria (12.5%), Bacilli (31.25%), Clostridia (6.25%), Actinobacteria (6.25%), Mollicutes (6.25%) and Deinococci (6.25%) classes. Knowing the composition of the gonad and foregut and hindgut bacteria of L. gigas is the first step toward exploring the proper management of this species, as well as provides useful information to future researches that allow a better understanding of the role of these bacterial populations in the health and reproductive rate of L. gigas.

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          Most cited references72

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          The microbiome and innate immunity.

          The intestinal microbiome is a signalling hub that integrates environmental inputs, such as diet, with genetic and immune signals to affect the host's metabolism, immunity and response to infection. The haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells of the innate immune system are located strategically at the host-microbiome interface. These cells have the ability to sense microorganisms or their metabolic products and to translate the signals into host physiological responses and the regulation of microbial ecology. Aberrations in the communication between the innate immune system and the gut microbiota might contribute to complex diseases.
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            Gnotobiotic zebrafish reveal evolutionarily conserved responses to the gut microbiota.

            Animals have developed the means for supporting complex and dynamic consortia of microorganisms during their life cycle. A transcendent view of vertebrate biology therefore requires an understanding of the contributions of these indigenous microbial communities to host development and adult physiology. These contributions are most obvious in the gut, where studies of gnotobiotic mice have disclosed that the microbiota affects a wide range of biological processes, including nutrient processing and absorption, development of the mucosal immune system, angiogenesis, and epithelial renewal. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) provides an opportunity to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions through genetic and chemical screens that take advantage of its transparency during larval and juvenile stages. Therefore, we developed methods for producing and rearing germ-free zebrafish through late juvenile stages. DNA microarray comparisons of gene expression in the digestive tracts of 6 days post fertilization germ-free, conventionalized, and conventionally raised zebrafish revealed 212 genes regulated by the microbiota, and 59 responses that are conserved in the mouse intestine, including those involved in stimulation of epithelial proliferation, promotion of nutrient metabolism, and innate immune responses. The microbial ecology of the digestive tracts of conventionally raised and conventionalized zebrafish was characterized by sequencing libraries of bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons. Colonization of germ-free zebrafish with individual members of its microbiota revealed the bacterial species specificity of selected host responses. Together, these studies establish gnotobiotic zebrafish as a useful model for dissecting the molecular foundations of host-microbial interactions in the vertebrate digestive tract.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                mar
                Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - INVEMAR
                Bol. Invest. Mar. Cost.
                INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES MARINAS Y COSTERAS "JOSE BENITO VIVES DE ANDRÉIS" (INVEMAR); INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES MARINAS Y COSTERAS -JOSE BENITO VIVES DE ANDRÉIS- (INVEMAR) (Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia )
                0122-9761
                December 2018
                : 47
                : 2
                : 37-62
                Affiliations
                [1] Medellín orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Colombia
                Article
                S0122-97612018000200037
                10.25268/bimc.invemar.2018.47.2.746
                9db0588c-44e7-48e4-93a9-bfca99b89356

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 October 2017
                : 09 July 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 90, Pages: 26
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículos de Investigación

                Gen RNAr 16S,Comunidad Bacteriana,gut,Gonad,Bacterial Community,Lobatus gigas, 16S rRNA gene,Intestino,Gónada,Lobatus gigas

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