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      Should we expect neurological symptoms in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic? Translated title: ¿Es esperable que haya cuadros neurológicos por la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2?

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          There is growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can gain access to the central nervous system (CNS). We revise the literature on coronavirus infection of the CNS associated with neurological diseases.

          Development

          Neurological symptoms were rarely reported in the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV epidemics, although isolated cases were described. There are also reports of cases of neurological symptoms associated with CoV-OC43 and CoV-229E infection. The presence of neurological lesions, especially demyelinating lesions in the mouse hepatitis virus model, may explain the mechanisms by which coronaviruses enter the CNS, particularly those related with the immune response. This may explain the presence of coronavirus in patients with multiple sclerosis. We review the specific characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and address the question of whether the high number of cases may be associated with greater CNS involvement.

          Conclusion

          Although neurological symptoms are not frequent in coronavirus epidemics, the high number of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection may explain the presence of the virus in the CNS and increase the likelihood of early- or delayed-onset neurological symptoms. Follow-up of patients affected by the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic should include careful assessment of the CNS.

          Resumen

          Introducción

          Diversas evidencias sugieren que el SARS-CoV-2 puede penetrar en el sistema nervioso central (SNC). Los autores revisan los datos de la literatura sobre los hallazgos de coronavirus en el SNC asociado a enfermedades neurológicas.

          Desarrollo

          En las distintas epidemias con SARS-CoV y MERS-CoV la presencia de cuadros neurológicos es baja, pero se describen cuadros aislados de pacientes. También existen casos asociados a OC43-CoV y 229E-CoV. La existencia de lesiones neurológicas, especialmente desmielinizantes en el modelo MHV-CoV pueden explicar mecanismos de penetración de los CoV en el SNC y especialmente aquellos relacionados con la respuesta inmune, que puede justificar la existencia de CoV en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple. Los autores revisan aspectos diferenciales de SARS-CoV-2 y se plantean si debido al alto número de infectados, el virus puede afectar de forma mayor al SNC.

          Conclusión

          Aunque la presencia de síntomas neurológicos en las epidemias de CoV es baja, la mayor frecuencia de infectados por SARS-CoV-2 podría justificar el paso del virus y la posibilidad de clínica neurológica precoz o tardía con mayor incidencia. El seguimiento de los pacientes de la epidemia debe atender con cuidado a la evaluación del SNC.

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          Author and article information

          Contributors
          Journal
          Neurología (English Edition)
          Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. on behalf of Sociedad Española de Neurología.
          2173-5808
          2173-5808
          17 April 2020
          17 April 2020
          Affiliations
          [0005]Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, España
          Author notes
          [* ]Corresponding author. neurol.hcsc@ 123456salud.madrid.org
          Article
          S2173-5808(20)30052-3
          10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.03.002
          7164915
          9dc604ff-8dee-489b-b265-592fecc73737
          © 2020 Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. on behalf of Sociedad Española de Neurología.

          Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

          History
          : 27 March 2020
          : 31 March 2020
          Categories
          Article

          coronavirus,sars-cov,mers-cov,multiple sclerosis,sars-cov-2,mouse hepatitis virus,neurological symptoms,central nervous system,esclerosis múltiple,virus murino de la hepatitis,síntomas neurológicos,sistema nervioso central

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