Diverse exocytic pathways for mast cell mediators

Abstract

<p id="P2">Mast cells play pivotal roles in innate and adaptive immunities but are also culprits in allergy, autoimmunity and cardiovascular diseases. Mast cells respond environmental changes by initiating regulated exocytosis/secretion of various biologically active compounds called mediators (e.g., proteases, amines and cytokines). Many of these mediators are stored in granules/lysosomes and rely on an intricate degranulation process for release. Mast cell stabilizers (such as sodium cromoglicate) which prevent such degranulation process have therefore been clinically approved to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. However, it has become increasingly clear that different mast cell diseases often involve multiple mediators, which seem to rely on overlapping but distinct mechanisms for release. This review highlights the evidence for diverse exocytic pathways and discusses strategies to identify unique molecular components in these pathways which could serve as new drug targets for more effective and specific treatments against mast cell-related diseases. </p>