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      COLANGIORESONANCIA (CPRM) VS ULTRASONIDO (US) FOCALIZADO EN PACIENTES CON ICTERICIA O SOSPECHA DE OBSTRUCCION DE LA VIA BILIAR: RESULTADOS PRELIMINARES

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          Abstract

          Introducción. Existe controversia en el algoritmo de estudio de obstrucción de la vía biliar (VB). La colangiopacreatografía endoscópica retrógrada (ERCP) ha sido el examen de referencia. La colangioresonancia (CPRM) es un examen no invasivo con buena correlación entre observadores al evaluar la VB, pero aún cuestionada en nuestro medio por su mayor costo. El US convencional focalizado detecta dilatación de VB y disminuye los costos del algoritmo de estudio, seleccionando los pacientes que debieran referirse a otros métodos de estudio más costosos o invasivos (CPRM-ERCP). Objetivo. Comparar la validez, valores predictivos y cambios de probabilidad post-test de CPRM y US focalizado a la VB, en el estudio de pacientes con ictericia o sospecha de obstrucción biliar. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un ensayo clínico pareado ciego. La muestra la constituyeron pacientes con sospecha de patología obstructiva de la VB a los cuales se les solicitó CPRM entre Enero-Julio 2003. Se les realizó US 24 hr antes o después de la CPRM por ecografistas de diferente experiencia. La CPRM se realizó con protocolos estándar, se registró el uso de Gadolinio y secuencias adicionales. El estándar dorado lo constituyeron la cirugía, la ERCP, seguimiento de al menos 30 días y revisión de informes de Anatomía Patológica. Se clasificó el riesgo de obstrucción de la VB en alto, moderado o bajo. Análisis. Se construyeron tablas de contingencia de 2x2 para estimar los valores del test: Sensibilidad (S), Especificidad (E), Valores predictivos positivo (VPP) y negativo (VPN), Likelihood ratios (LR) y probabilidades pre y post test. Resultados. Muestra constituida por 76 pacientes de los cuales 64 han completado el seguimiento. En el grupo de Alto riesgo en 21 pacientes se comprobó obstrucción, en 1 de los de moderado, en ninguno de los de bajo riesgo y en 2 de los no clasificados. La prevalencia de obstrucción (probabilidad pre-test) fue de 24/64 (37.5%). El US encontró dilatación de la VB en el 50% de los pacientes y la CPRM en el 48%. La principal causa de obstrucción fue la coledocolitiasis (25%), siendo las neoplasias la segunda. Para el diagnóstico de obstrucción de la vía biliar de cualquier causa el US mostró una S de 58.33%, la cual aumentó a 70% cuando el ecografista era experimentado, una E de 82.5%, VPP de 66.67% y VPN de 76.74% y LR(+) de 3.3 con una probabilidad post-test de 55%, un LR(-) de 0.49 con una probabilidad post-test de 20%. La CPRM para este mismo diagnóstico presentó una S de 95.83% y una E de 87.5%, así como un VPP de 82.14% y VPN de 97.22%; un LR(+) de 7.7 lo que lleva a una probabilidad post-test de 80% y un LR(-) de 0.05, con una probabilidad post-test de 3%. Para coledocolitiasis los VP(+) y VP(-) fueron, respectivamente, 53.33% y 83.67% para el US, y 70% y 95.45% para la CPRM. Conclusiones. CPRM posee sensibilidad, valores predictivos y LR(s) mejores que ultrasonido focal en la detección de obstrucción de la vía biliar. Ambos métodos poseen valores cercanos de Especificidad y de detección de dilatación de los conductos biliares. En el algoritmo de estudio de un paciente con sospecha de obstrucción de la vía biliar usar US en serie y luego CPRM cuando no se diagnostica la causa de obstrucción, sería la alternativa actual, probablemente más costo-efectiva en el estudio de estos pacientes.

          Translated abstract

          Between January and July, 2003, a single blinded matched trial was done to assess focalized biliary ultrasound (US) and MR cholangiography (MRCP) compared with ERCP or surgery as reference standard in patients with suspected biliary obstruction. Focalized US was performed 24 hrs before/after MRCP. Patients were triage according symptoms, signs and laboratory in high, intermediate and low risk for obstruction. Radiologists sonographers were divided in low and highly experienced. None of the radiologist who reported either US or MRCP was aware to the other test results. Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV, (LR) Likelihood Ratios and pre and post-test odds for positive and negative test were estimated. We analized 64 out of 76 sampled patients, the prevalence of obstruction was 37 % (24 out of 64 patients). US found biliary tree dilated in 50% and MRCP in 48% of the patients. Main cause of obstruction was common bile duct stones in (16) 25%. and tumors were the second more common cause. US shown a Sensitivity (S) 58.3% when a non experienced radiologist perform the exam, and 70% when an experienced radiologist doest it. Specificity (Sp) 82,5%, PPV 66.7% and NPV 76.7%. RMCP Shown S 95.8%, Sp 87.5%, PPV 82.1%, NPV 97.2% For common bile duct stones US shown a PPV 53.3% and NPV 83.6% on the other hand MRCP a PPV 70% and NPV 95.4%. MRCP perform better than focalized US in overall patients with high risk of obstruction (37.5%), detecting the cause of obstruction but using aditional sequences rising the examination time and costs. With a positive ultrasound and LR(+) 3.3 pre-test odds rise from 0.37/37% to a post-test odds of 0.55/55% and with negative test result and LR(-) 0.49 pre-test odds 0.37/37% will decrease to post-test odds of 0.2/20%. With MRCP a positive test with LR(+) 7.7 initial pre-test odds 0.37/37.5% to post-test odds of 0.8/ 80% and with a negative test result LR(-) 0.05 pretest odds 0.37/37% will decrease to post-test odds of 0.03%. Ultrasound performed by experienced sonographers has a Specificity and NPV over 80%, and perform similar to MRCP for detecting biliary tree dilatation the best predictor of obstruction. In patients with low pre-test odds (low risk) of obstruction, to use focalized US and then MRCP, when the cause of obstruction is not diagnosed could be the more cost/efective initial alternative in this patients. This data must be confirmed with further studies with cost/effectivenes analysis.

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          Most cited references25

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          Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: a meta-analysis of test performance in suspected biliary disease.

          Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is one of many newer noninvasive tests that can image the biliary tree. To precisely estimate the overall sensitivity and specificity of MRCP in suspected biliary obstruction and to evaluate clinically important subgroups. MEDLINE search (January 1987 to March 2003) for studies in English or French, bibliographies, and subject matter experts. Studies were included if they allowed construction of 2x2 contingency tables of MRCP compared with a reasonable gold standard for at least 1 of the following: the presence, level, or cause of biliary obstruction. Two independent observers graded study quality, which included consecutive enrollment, blinding, use of a single (versus composite) gold standard, and nonselective use of the gold standard. Logistic regression was used to examine the influence of publication year, quality score, proportion of patients having a "direct" gold standard, and clinical context on diagnostic performance. Of 498 studies identified, 67 were included (4711 patients). Mixed-effect models were used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity, and quantitative receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography had a high overall pooled sensitivity (95% [+/-1.96 SD: spread of SD, 75% to 99%]) and specificity (97% [spread of SD, 86% to 99%]). The procedure was less sensitive for stones (92%; odds ratio, 0.51 [CI, 0.35 to 0.75]) and malignant conditions (88%; odds ratio, 0.28 [CI, 0.18 to 0.44]) than for the presence of obstruction. In addition, diagnostic performance was higher in studies that were larger, did not use consecutive enrollment, and did not use gold standard assessment for some patients. Magentic resonance cholangiopancreatography is a noninvasive imaging test with excellent overall sensitivity and specificity for demonstrating the level and presence of biliary obstruction; however, it seems less sensitive for detecting stones or differentiating malignant from benign obstruction.
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            Evaluation of magnetic resonance cholangiography in the management of bile duct stones.

            Magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) offers the potential for accurate, noninvasive detection of common bile duct stones (CBDSs) before cholecystectomy, and for a consequent reduction in the incidence of preoperative negative diagnoses associated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). Prospective cohort study: MRC results were correlated with ERC (high-risk patients) or intraoperative cholangiography (moderate-risk patients). A university hospital providing primary, secondary, and tertiary care. Seventy patients with suspected CBDSs scheduled to undergo elective cholecystectomy between April 15, 1997, and September 30, 1998. Forty patients were considered at high risk and 30 at moderate risk for CBDSs, according to results of liver function tests and sonograms of the upper abdomen. Confirmation or exclusion of CBDSs by MRC was assessed by a panel of radiologists who were unaware of the ERC results. Results of ERC and intraoperative cholangiography were analyzed by the investigating gastroenterologists or surgeon. Results of MRC were positive for CBDSs in 21 (52%) of 40 high-risk patients, a finding confirmed by preoperative ERC in 19 (90%) of 21 patients. Results of MRC were positive for CBDSs in 6 (20%) of 30 moderate-risk patients, all of which were confirmed by intraoperative cholangiography. Finally, CBDSs were present in 19 (48%) of 40 high-risk patients and 6 (20%) of 30 moderate-risk patients (P = .02). Overall sensitivity and specificity of MRC were 100% and 95.6%, respectively; the positive and negative predictive values were 92.6% and 100%, respectively. Magnetic resonance cholangiography is a reliable, noninvasive method for the detection or exclusion of CBDSs, and seems to reduce the frequency of negative diagnoses associated with ERC. Magnetic resonance cholangiography revealed no CBDSs in 19 (48%) of 40 patients at high risk for CBDSs. Thus, MRC-based diagnosis has the potential to reduce the number of invasive preoperative diagnostic procedures and their associated risks and overall health care costs.
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              Choledocholithiasis: evaluation of MR cholangiography for diagnosis.

              To evaluate the test performance of magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiography for help in diagnosing choledocholithiasis. Fast spin-echo MR cholangiography was performed by using a torso multicoil array in 110 patients suspected of having bile duct obstruction. Axial and coronal images were reviewed by two observers who were blinded to results of direct cholangiography and final diagnoses. The final diagnosis was established by using direct cholangiographic (n = 103) or surgical (n = 7) findings. Of the 110 patients, 30 (27%) had choledocholithiasis, and 80 (73%) did not. Reviewer 1 used MR cholangiograms to achieve a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, negative predictive value of 96%, and overall accuracy of 97%. Reviewer 2 achieved a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 93%, positive predictive value of 82%, negative predictive value of 96%, and overall accuracy of 92%. Interobserver agreement for MR cholangiograms was 93% (kappa = 0.82). MR cholangiography exhibited excellent test performance and resulted in excellent interobserver agreement for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rchradiol
                Revista chilena de radiología
                Rev. chil. radiol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Radiología (Santiago, , Chile )
                0717-9308
                2003
                : 9
                : 4
                : 173-181
                Affiliations
                [03] Santiago orgnameClínica Alemana Chile
                [04] Barcelona orgnameHospital Vall d' Hebron España
                [01] orgnameHospital Clínico de la U. de Chile orgdiv1Centro de Imagenología orgdiv2Unidades de Cuerpo y Ultrasonido Chile dbusel@ 123456hotmail.com
                [02] orgnameHospital Clínico de la U. de Chile orgdiv1Centro de Imagenología orgdiv2Radiología Chile
                [05] orgnameU. de Chile orgdiv1Escuela de Salud Pública orgdiv2Unidad de Bioestadística Chile
                Article
                S0717-93082003000400003 S0717-9308(03)00900403
                10.4067/S0717-93082003000400003
                9e0cd10d-d9f4-49ee-a934-6e9db0489aab

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                RESONANCIA MAGNETICA

                Predictive values,Bile ducts,RMCP,Valores Predictivos,Vía biliar,Especificidad,Likelihood ratios,Ultrasonido,Magnetic Resonance,Sensitivity,Sensibilidad,Colangiorresonancia,Specificity,Ultrasonography

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