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      Aprendizaje asistido por pares en la formación clínica de pregrado: percepción de tutores y tutorados Translated title: Peer-assisted learning in undergraduate clinical training: perception of tutors and tutees

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          Abstract

          Introducción. La tutoría por pares ofrece una experiencia valiosa para generar estrategias que permitan mejorar el aprendizaje. El objetivo fue evidenciar la importancia del apoyo tutorial por pares en la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad Austral de Chile en estudiantes con rendimiento académico insatisfactorio en la disciplina clínica de Medicina interna. Sujetos y métodos. Se capacitó a 12 estudiantes de cursos superiores para realizar tutorías académicas a 35 estudiantes. Se aplicaron encuestas de opinión con preguntas de tipo Likert y abiertas para conocer la percepción de tutores y tutorados respecto al proceso tutorial realizado durante 2017 y 2018. Resultados. Veinticinco estudiantes (71%) y 12 tutores (100%) respondieron las encuestas, que revelaron un alto grado de satisfacción en ambos grupos. Los tutorados destacaron el desempeño del tutor y consideraron que las tutorías reforzaron su autoconfianza. Para los tutores fue una experiencia enriquecedora que los ayudó en su propio proceso de aprendizaje. Conclusiones. La tutoría de pares ayuda a la adquisición y el fortalecimiento de competencias específicas y genéricas, generando nuevos aprendizajes. Los tutores logran habilidades para la enseñanza y fortalecen competencias para su vida personal y profesional.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction. Peer tutoring offers a valuable experience to generate strategies to improve learning. The aim was to demonstrate the importance of the peer tutorial support at the Medical School of Austral University of Chile to assist students with unsatisfactory academic performance in the clinical discipline of internal medicine. Subjects and methods. 12 students from advanced courses were trained to provide academic tutoring to 35 students. Opinion surveys with open and Likert type questions were applied to know the perception of tutors and tutees regarding the tutoring process carried out during 2017 and 2018. Results. 25 students (71%) and 12 tutors (100%) answered the surveys, revealing a high degree of satisfaction in both groups. Students highlighted the tutor’s performance and felt that the tutoring strengthened their trust. For the tutors it was an enriching experience that helped them in their own learning process. Conclusions. The peer tutoring contributes to the acquisition and strengthening of specific and generic competencies, generating new learning. The tutors acquire teaching skills and strengthen competencies for their personal and professional life.

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          Reflexiones en torno a las competencias genéricas en educación superior: Un desafío pendiente

          Hace más de dos décadas comenzó a surgir la necesidad de cambiar el foco en la formación profesional. Esto involucró avanzar desde programas exclusivamente teóricos a formatos que integren el desarrollo de competencias transversales. El siguiente artículo tiene por objetivo rescatar el valor del modelo de competencias en la formación integral de los estudiantes. Se analiza la incorporación de las competencias genéricas en las mallas curriculares y se discute sobre los desafíos que esto implica. Se concluye que la incorporación de las competencias genéricas en educación superior requiere que los docentes se actualicen en metodologías de enseñanza y evaluación, incorporen actividades prácticas donde observen el despliegue de las competencias esperadas en la asignatura, cuenten con mayor tiempo de preparación de clases, construyan evaluaciones auténticas y entreguen retroalimentación permanente a los estudiantes. Esto involucra una mayor inversión y recursos por parte de las instituciones educativas.
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            Student perceptions of effective small group teaching.

            The goal of this study was to assess student perceptions of effective small group teaching during preclinical training in a medical school that promotes an integrated, systems-based undergraduate curriculum. In particular, students were asked to comment on small group goals, effective tutor behaviours, pedagogical materials and methods of evaluation. Six focus groups were held with 46 Year 1 and 2 medical students to assess their perceptions of effective small group teaching in the 'Basis of Medicine' component of the undergraduate curriculum. Ethnographic content analysis guided the interpretation of the focus group data. Students identified tutor characteristics, a non-threatening group atmosphere, clinical relevance and integration, and pedagogical materials that encourage independent thinking and problem solving as the most important characteristics of effective small groups. Tutor characteristics included personal attributes and the ability to promote group interaction and problem solving. Small group teaching goals providing included opportunities to ask questions, to work as a team, and to learn to problem solve. This study highlighted the benefits of soliciting student impressions of effective small group teaching. The students' emphasis on group atmosphere and facilitation skills underscored the value of the tutor as a 'guide' to student learning. Similarly, their comments on effective cases emphasised the importance of clinical relevance, critical thinking and the integration of basic and clinical sciences. This study also suggested future avenues for research, such as a comparison of student and teacher perceptions of small group teaching as well as an analysis of perceptions of effective small group learning across the educational continuum, including undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing professional education.
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              Peer teacher training for health professional students: a systematic review of formal programs

              Background Skills in peer teaching, assessment and feedback are documented internationally as required graduate attributes for health professional students, placing emphasis on universities to prepare health professional graduates with teaching skills. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the rational, design, content and evaluation of student peer teacher training skills programs across the health professions. Methods In October 2017, a search was conducted of five databases (Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, ERIC and Cochrane Collection) using combinations of key search terms: ‘Student as teacher’, ‘near-peer teaching’, ‘student teacher’, ‘peer teacher’, ‘peer-to-peer’, ‘undergraduate’, ‘medical education’, ‘curriculum’, ‘program’, ‘training’, ‘allied health’, ‘health science’, ‘pharmacy’, ‘nurse’, and ‘medicine’, with results restricted to articles published in English within the decade. Articles were excluded if they were not original research, focused on a teaching approach other than peer assisted learning or teaching, did not adequately describe a student teacher training component of at least 3 hrs duration, or addressed only clinical skills training and not teaching skills training. Results The two authors independently assessed 42 full-text articles for eligibility, with 19 articles satisfying criteria for inclusion. Dominating results were uni-disciplinary, faculty-led, non-mandated programs, targeting participants in senior years of training. Medicine was the dominant profession, with an obvious underrepresentation of the other health professions. Common program content included the foundations of education theory, teaching methods and techniques, and providing feedback. Summary and comparison of program design is restricted by gaps and inconsistencies in reporting, while the evaluation of programs remains largely subjective. Conclusions Teaching is increasingly recognised as a core professional skill across the health workforce, with expectations to teach peers and colleagues, within and across professional disciplines, as well as to educate patients. Students, faculty and institutes may benefit from training programs being designed for implementation in any health profession; and further to this, implemented within an interprofessionally context. Consistent reporting of teacher training programs, and objective methods of evaluation would enable more in-depth investigation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                fem
                FEM: Revista de la Fundación Educación Médica
                FEM (Ed. impresa)
                Fundación Educación Médica y Viguera Editores, S.L. (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                2014-9832
                2014-9840
                2021
                : 24
                : 4
                : 167-171
                Affiliations
                [1] Valdivia Los Ríos orgnameUniversidad Austral de Chile orgdiv1Oficina de Educación en Ciencias de la Salud Chile
                [3] Valdivia Los Ríos orgnameUniversidad Austral de Chile orgdiv1Instituto de Enfermería Chile
                [2] Valdivia Los Ríos orgnameUniversidad Austral de Chile orgdiv1Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología Chile
                [4] Valdivia Los Ríos orgnameUniversidad Austral de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Unidad de Apoyo al Aprendizaje de Estudiantes de Pregrado Chile
                Article
                S2014-98322021000400003 S2014-9832(21)02400400003
                10.33588/fem.244.1132
                9e3c0665-7f23-41e4-8561-c31cab030ea1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 December 2020
                : 28 January 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 5
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
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                Tutors,Educación médica,Rendimiento académico,Tutores,Tutoría,Academic performance,Medical education,Tutoring

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