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      Visible-light optical coherence tomography: a review

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          Abstract.

          Visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) is an emerging imaging modality, providing new capabilities in both anatomical and functional imaging of biological tissue. It relies on visible light illumination, whereas most commercial and investigational OCTs use near-infrared light. As a result, vis-OCT requires different considerations in engineering design and implementation but brings unique potential benefits to both fundamental research and clinical care of several diseases. Here, we intend to provide a summary of the development of vis-OCT and its demonstrated applications. We also provide perspectives on future technology improvement and applications.

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          Most cited references82

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          Optical coherence tomography - principles and applications

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            Fundus autofluorescence imaging: review and perspectives.

            Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging is a novel imaging method that allows topographic mapping of lipofuscin distribution in the retinal pigment epithelium cell monolayer as well as of other fluorophores that may occur with disease in the outer retina and the subneurosensory space. Excessive accumulation of lipofuscin granules in the lysosomal compartment of retinal pigment epithelium cells represents a common downstream pathogenetic pathway in various hereditary and complex retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration. FAF imaging has been shown to be useful with regard to understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnostics, phenotype-genotype correlation, identification of predictive markers for disease progression, and monitoring of novel therapies. FAF imaging gives information above and beyond that obtained by conventional imaging methods, such as fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography. Its clinical value coupled with its simple, efficient, and noninvasive nature is increasingly appreciated. This review summarizes basic principles and FAF findings in various retinal diseases.
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              Two-dimensional birefringence imaging in biological tissue by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography.

              Using a low-coherence Michelson interferometer, we measure two-dimensional images of optical birefringence in bovine tendon as a function of depth. Polarization-sensitive detection of the signal formed by interference of backscattered light from the sample and a mirror in the reference arm give the optical phase delay between light that is propagating along the fast and slow axes of the birefringent tendon. Images showing the change in birefringence in response to laser irradiation are presented. The technique permits rapid noncontact investigation of tissue structural properties through two-dimensional imaging of birefringence.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Biomed Opt
                J Biomed Opt
                JBOPFO
                JBO
                Journal of Biomedical Optics
                Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers
                1083-3668
                1560-2281
                7 December 2017
                December 2017
                : 22
                : 12
                : 121707
                Affiliations
                [a ]Northwestern University , Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois, United States
                [b ]Northwestern University , Department of Ophthalmology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
                Author notes
                [* ]Address all correspondence to: Hao F. Zhang, E-mail: hfzhang@ 123456northwestern.edu
                Article
                JBO-170597SSVR 170597SSVR
                10.1117/1.JBO.22.12.121707
                5745673
                29218923
                9e3ec942-4ec8-4384-86fb-13665f3bca4b
                © The Authors.

                Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

                History
                : 12 September 2017
                : 13 November 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 1, References: 96, Pages: 14
                Funding
                Funded by: National Institutes of Health (NIH) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002
                Award ID: DP3DK108248
                Award ID: R24EY022883
                Award ID: R01EY026078
                Award ID: R43EY026466
                Award ID: R21EY027502
                Categories
                Special Section on 25 years of OCT
                Paper
                Custom metadata
                Shu, Beckmann, and Zhang: Visible-light optical coherence tomography: a review

                Biomedical engineering
                optical coherence tomography,retinal imaging,metabolic rate of oxygen,hemodynamics,brain imaging,spectroscopic analysis

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