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      Efecto de los ácidos grasos omega-3 sobre la hipoalbuminemia en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda y actividad inflamatoria elevada Translated title: Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on hypoalbuminemia in acute heart failure patients with increased inflammatory activity

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: la actividad inflamatoria (AI) es causa de hipoalbuminemia en los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA). Objetivos: el objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar si un tratamiento modulador de la AI contribuye a corregir la albuminemia en este contexto. Métodos: en este ensayo clínico, 43 pacientes con ICA, hipoalbuminemia (albúmina sérica ≤ 3,4 g/dl) y AI elevada [proteína C-reactiva (PCR) ≥ 25 mg/l] fueron asignados aleatoriamente a recibir ácidos grasos omega-3 (4 g diarios) o placebo durante 4 semanas. La albuminemia y la PCR se reevaluaron en las semanas 1 y 4. Se realizó un análisis de la varianza para medidas repetidas. Resultados: la edad media era de 75,6 ± 8,8 años, el 72,1 % eran varones y la etiología más frecuente era la isquémica (46,5 %). Los dos grupos fueron homogéneos en sus características basales. Se encontró un incremento significativo de la concentración de albúmina en la semana 4 con respecto a la basal (p del efecto tiempo < 0,001), sin que se hallaran diferencias entre los grupos ni en la semana 1 ni en la 4. La PCR descendió significativamente ya en la semana 1 (p del efecto tiempo < 0,001), sin que se encontraran diferencias entre los grupos ni en la semana 1 ni en la 4. Conclusión: en los pacientes con ICA, hipoalbuminemia y AI elevada, la albuminemia se normaliza en la semana 4 mientras que la PCR desciende significativamente en la primera semana. En este contexto, ambos efectos son independientes de la adición de altas dosis de ácidos grasos omega-3.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: inflammatory activity (IA) is a cause of hypoalbuminemia in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Objectives: the main objective of this study was to evaluate whether an AI modulator treatment contributes to correcting albuminemia in this context. Methods: in this clinical trial 43 patients with AHF, hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin ≤ 3.4 g/dl), and elevated IA [C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 25 mg/l] were randomly assigned to receive omega-3 fatty acids (4 g daily) or placebo for 4 weeks. Albuminemia and CRP were reassessed at weeks 1 and 4. An analysis of variance for repeated measures was performed. Results: mean age was 75.6 ± 8.8 years, 72.1 % were male, and the most frequent etiology was ischemic (46.5 %). The two groups were homogeneous in their baseline characteristics. A significant increase in albumin concentration was found at week 4 from baseline (p for the effect of time < 0.001), with no differences between groups at week 1 or week 4. CRP decreased significantly in week 1 (p for the effect of time < 0.001), with no differences between groups in either week 1 or week 4. Conclusion: in patients with AHF, hypoalbuminemia, and elevated AI albuminemia normalizes in week 4, while CRP already drops significantly during the first week. In this context both effects are independent of the addition of high doses of omega-3 fatty acids.

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          Most cited references29

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          Definition of major bleeding in clinical investigations of antihemostatic medicinal products in non-surgical patients.

          Summary. A variety of definitions of major bleeding have been used in published clinical studies, and this diversity adds to the difficulty in comparing data between trials and in performing meta-analyses. In the first step towards unified definitions of bleeding complications, the definition of major bleeding in non-surgical patients was discussed at the Control of Anticoagulation Subcommittee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Arising from that discussion, a definition was developed that should be applicable to studies with all agents that interfere with hemostasis, including anticoagulants, platelet function inhibitors and fibrinolytic drugs. The definition and the text that follows have been reviewed and approved by the cochairs of the subcommittee and the revised version is published here. The intention is to also seek approval of this definition from the regulatory authorities.
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            ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

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              How to diagnose diastolic heart failure: a consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the Heart Failure and Echocardiography Associations of the European Society of Cardiology.

              Diastolic heart failure (DHF) currently accounts for more than 50% of all heart failure patients. DHF is also referred to as heart failure with normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (HFNEF) to indicate that HFNEF could be a precursor of heart failure with reduced LVEF. Because of improved cardiac imaging and because of widespread clinical use of plasma levels of natriuretic peptides, diagnostic criteria for HFNEF needed to be updated. The diagnosis of HFNEF requires the following conditions to be satisfied: (i) signs or symptoms of heart failure; (ii) normal or mildly abnormal systolic LV function; (iii) evidence of diastolic LV dysfunction. Normal or mildly abnormal systolic LV function implies both an LVEF > 50% and an LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) 16 mmHg or mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure >12 mmHg) or non-invasively by tissue Doppler (TD) (E/E' > 15). If TD yields an E/E' ratio suggestive of diastolic LV dysfunction (15 > E/E' > 8), additional non-invasive investigations are required for diagnostic evidence of diastolic LV dysfunction. These can consist of blood flow Doppler of mitral valve or pulmonary veins, echo measures of LV mass index or left atrial volume index, electrocardiographic evidence of atrial fibrillation, or plasma levels of natriuretic peptides. If plasma levels of natriuretic peptides are elevated, diagnostic evidence of diastolic LV dysfunction also requires additional non-invasive investigations such as TD, blood flow Doppler of mitral valve or pulmonary veins, echo measures of LV mass index or left atrial volume index, or electrocardiographic evidence of atrial fibrillation. A similar strategy with focus on a high negative predictive value of successive investigations is proposed for the exclusion of HFNEF in patients with breathlessness and no signs of congestion. The updated strategies for the diagnosis and exclusion of HFNEF are useful not only for individual patient management but also for patient recruitment in future clinical trials exploring therapies for HFNEF.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                October 2021
                : 38
                : 5
                : 890-896
                Affiliations
                [1] Úbeda, Jaén orgnameHospital San Juan de la Cruz orgdiv1Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna orgdiv2Área de Cardiología España
                [3] Úbeda, Jaén orgnameHospital San Juan de la Cruz orgdiv1Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Farmacia España
                [2] Úbeda, Jaén orgnameHospital San Juan de la Cruz orgdiv1Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna España
                Article
                S0212-16112021000600002 S0212-1611(21)03800500002
                10.20960/nh.03637
                9e4ab0a2-a66c-4c13-8047-fb2e33e69b37

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 April 2021
                : 15 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                Heart failure,Clinical trial,Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,Inflammatory activity,Hypoalbuminemia,Ensayo clínico,Ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3,Actividad inflamatoria,Hipoalbuminemia,Insuficiencia cardiaca

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