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      HLA-DR, -DQB Typing of Steroid-Sensitive Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Children in Taiwan

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          Abstract

          Background: The association between human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in children has been discussed in various studies. Methods: In this study, 59 Chinese children with steroid-sensitive nephritic syndrome (SSNS) in Taiwan were enrolled, and 33 patients underwent renal biopsy. Results: The frequency of HLA-DR11 was found to be significantly higher and HLA-DR14 was lower in SSNS patients as compared with the healthy control group. In frequent relapsers, HLA-DR4 was more frequent, while HLA- DQB1*0602 was less frequent, as compared with infrequent relapsers. However, there was no significant difference between steroid-dependent and non-steroid-dependent patients. In patients who showed a response to levamisole, the HLA-DR9 and - DQB1*0303 alleles were more frequent, while HLA-DR13 was less frequent. In a comparison of HLA in different INS pathologies, HLA- DQB1*0401 was significantly frequent in IgM nephropathy. Even though we compared each group with the control group separately, the HLA distributions of both groups still differed from each other. Our data suggest that the immunogenic characteristics of children with SSNS in Taiwan are different from those of other populations. The common motif between different HLA alleles and the three-dimensional crystal structures may offer an explanation for the varying results from different populations. Conclusion: According to HLA typing, the results support the hypothesis that IgM nephropathy is a different entity from minimal change nephrotic syndrome.

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          HLA-DR typing by PCR amplification with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) in 2 hours: an alternative to serological DR typing in clinical practice including donor-recipient matching in cadaveric transplantation.

          In most PCR-based tissue typing techniques the PCR amplification is followed by a post-amplification specificity step. In typing by PCR amplification with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP), typing specificity is part of the amplification step, which makes the technique almost as fast as serological tissue typing. In the present study primers were designed for DR "low-resolution" typing by PCR-SSP, i.e. identifying polymorphism corresponding to the serologically defined series DR1-DRw18. This resolution was achieved by performing 19 PCR reactions per individual, 17 for assigning DR1-DRw18 and 2 for the DRw52 and DRw53 superspecificities. Thirty cell lines and 121 individuals were typed by the DR "low-resolution" PCR-SSP technique, TaqI DRB-DQA-DQB RFLP analysis and serology. The concordance between PCR-SSP typing and RFLP analysis was 100%. The reproducibility was 100% in 40 samples typed on two separate occasions. No false-positive or false-negative typing results were obtained. All homozygous and heterozygous combinations of DR1-DRw18 could be distinguished. Amplification patterns segregated according to dominant Mendelian inheritance. DNA preparation, PCR amplification and post-amplification processing, including gel detection, documentation and interpretation, were performed in 2 hours. In conclusion, PCR-SSP is an accurate typing technique with high sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility. The method is rapid and inexpensive. DR "low-resolution" typing by the PCR-SSP technique is ideally suited for analyzing small numbers of samples simultaneously and is an alternative to serological DR typing in routine clinical practice including donor-recipient matching in cadaveric transplantations.
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            MHC ligands and peptide motifs: first listing

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              An update of the HLA genomic region, locus information and disease associations: 2004.

              The human major histocompatibility (MHC) genomic region at chromosomal position 6p21 encodes the six classical transplantation HLA genes and many other genes that have important roles in the regulation of the immune system as well as in some fundamental cellular processes. This small segment of the human genome has been associated with more than 100 diseases, including common diseases--such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, asthma and various autoimmune disorders. The MHC 3.6 Mb genomic sequence was first reported in 1999 with the annotation of 224 gene loci. The locus and allelic information of the MHC continue to be updated by identifying newly mapped expressed genes and pseudogenes based on comparative genomics, SNP analysis and cDNA projects. Since 1999, new innovations in bioinformatics and gene-specific functional databases and studies on the MHC genes have resulted in numerous changes to gene names and better ways to update and link the MHC gene symbols, names and sequences together with function, variation and disease associations. In this study, we present a brief overview of the MHC genomic structure and the recent information that we have gathered on the MHC gene loci via LocusLink at the National Centre for Biological Information (http://www.ncbi.nih.gov/.) and the MHC genes' association with various diseases taken from publications and records in public databases, such as the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and the Genetic Association Database.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                NEC
                Nephron Clin Pract
                10.1159/issn.1660-2110
                Nephron Clinical Practice
                S. Karger AG
                1660-2110
                2009
                May 2009
                18 April 2009
                : 112
                : 2
                : c57-c64
                Affiliations
                Departments of aPediatrics and bInternal Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
                Article
                213082 Nephron Clin Pract 2009;112:c57–c64
                10.1159/000213082
                19390203
                9e563fe2-ee2c-4671-b85d-cce422e046db
                © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 30 June 2008
                : 22 September 2008
                Page count
                Tables: 6, References: 41, Pages: 1
                Categories
                Original Paper

                Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Levamisole,Steroid dependency,Minimal change nephrotic syndrome,IgM nephropathy,Human leukocyte antigens,Nephrotic syndrome, frequent relapse

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