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      A lottery incentive system to facilitate dialogue and social support for workplace HIV counselling and testing: A qualitative inquiry

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          Abstract

          Despite South African mid-sized companies' efforts to offer HIV counselling and testing (HCT) in the workplace, companies report relatively poor uptake rates. An urgent need for a range of different interventions aimed at increasing participation in workplace HCT has been identified. The aim of this study was to explore qualitatively the influence of a lottery incentive system (LIS) as an intervention to influence shop-floor workers' workplace HIV testing behaviour. A qualitative study was conducted among 17 shop-floor workers via convenience sampling in two mid-sized South African automotive manufacturing companies in which an LIS for HCT was implemented. The in-depth interviews employed a semi-structured interview schedule and thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The interviews revealed that the LIS created excitement in the companies and renewed employees' personal interest in HCT. The excitement facilitated social interactions that resulted in a strong group cohesion pertaining to HCT that mitigated the burden of HIV stigma in the workplace. Open discussions allowed for the development of supportive social group pressure to seek HCT as a collective in anticipation of a reward. Lotteries were perceived as a supportive and innovative company approach to workplace HCT. The study identified important aspects for consideration by companies when using an LIS to enhance workplace HIV testing. The significance of inter- and intra-player dialogue in activating supportive social norms for HIV testing in collectivist African contexts was highlighted.

          Résumé

          Malgré les efforts que font les petites et moyennes entreprises sud-africaines pour offrir le conseil et dépistage volontaire du VIH (CDV) en milieu de travail, les entreprises font état de taux de participation relativement bas. Un besoin urgent pour une gamme de différentes interventions visant à accroître la participation au CDV en milieu de travail a été identifiée. Le but de cette étude était d'étudier qualitativement l'influence d'un système d'incitation à la loterie comme intervention pour influencer le comportement CDV des ouvriers en milieu de travail. Une étude qualitative a été menée auprès de 17 ouvriers choisis par échantillonnage de commodité dans 2 entreprises de fabrication automobile en Afrique du Sud. Dans ces 2 entreprises de taille moyenne, un système d'incitation à la loterie a été mis en œuvre pour encourager le CDV en milieu de travail. Un guide d'interviews semi-structurées a été employé pour mener des entretiens approfondis. L'analyse thématique a été utilisée pour analyser les données. Les entrevues ont révélé que les systèmes d'incitation ont créé de l'excitation dans les entreprises et ont renouvelé l'intérêt personnel des employés pour le CDV. L'excitation a facilité des interactions sociales qui ont abouti à une forte cohésion du groupe d'ouvriers concernant le CDV et atténuant ainsi la stigmatisation liée au VIH en milieu de travail. Des discussions ouvertes ont permis l'élaboration de pression sociale de groupe en support à la participation collective au CDV en prévision d'une récompense. Les loteries ont été perçues comme une approche soutenante et innovante de la part des entreprises pour le CDV en milieu de travail. L'étude a identifié des aspects importants à prendre en compte par les entreprises lors de l'utilisation d'un système d'incitation à la loterie pour augmenter le taux de dépistage VIH en milieu de travail. L'importance du dialogue inter- et intra-joueur dans l'activation de normes sociales favorables pour le dépistage VIH dans les contextes collectivistes africains a été soulignée.

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          Notes towards a description of Social Representations

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            Crafting normative messages to protect the environment

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              Financial incentive-based approaches for weight loss: a randomized trial.

              Identifying effective obesity treatment is both a clinical challenge and a public health priority due to the health consequences of obesity. To determine whether common decision errors identified by behavioral economists such as prospect theory, loss aversion, and regret could be used to design an effective weight loss intervention. Fifty-seven healthy participants aged 30-70 years with a body mass index of 30-40 were randomized to 3 weight loss plans: monthly weigh-ins, a lottery incentive program, or a deposit contract that allowed for participant matching, with a weight loss goal of 1 lb (0.45 kg) a week for 16 weeks. Participants were recruited May-August 2007 at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center in Pennsylvania and were followed up through June 2008. Weight loss after 16 weeks. The incentive groups lost significantly more weight than the control group (mean, 3.9 lb). Compared with the control group, the lottery group lost a mean of 13.1 lb (95% confidence interval [CI] of the difference in means, 1.95-16.40; P = .02) and the deposit contract group lost a mean of 14.0 lb (95% CI of the difference in means, 3.69-16.43; P = .006). About half of those in both incentive groups met the 16-lb target weight loss: 47.4% (95% CI, 24.5%-71.1%) in the deposit contract group and 52.6% (95% CI, 28.9%-75.6%) in the lottery group, whereas 10.5% (95% CI, 1.3%-33.1%; P = .01) in the control group met the 16-lb target. Although the net weight loss between enrollment in the study and at the end of 7 months was larger in the incentive groups (9.2 lb; t = 1.21; 95% CI, -3.20 to 12.66; P = .23, in the lottery group and 6.2 lb; t = 0.52; 95% CI, -5.17 to 8.75; P = .61 in the deposit contract group) than in the control group (4.4 lb), these differences were not statistically significant. However, incentive participants weighed significantly less at 7 months than at the study start (P = .01 for the lottery group; P = .03 for the deposit contract group) whereas controls did not. The use of economic incentives produced significant weight loss during the 16 weeks of intervention that was not fully sustained. The longer-term use of incentives should be evaluated. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00520611.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                SAHARA J
                SAHARA J
                RSAH
                rsah20
                Sahara J
                Routledge
                1729-0376
                1813-4424
                2 January 2014
                15 July 2014
                : 11
                : 1
                : 116-125
                Affiliations
                [ a ]MBA, MPhil, is affiliated as a technical advisor to the Automotive Industry Development Centre Eastern Cape (AIDC EC) placed by the German Development Cooperation (GIZ) , Port Elizabeth, South Africa
                [ b ]PhD, is affiliated as Professor to the School of Applied Human Sciences, Discipline of Psychology at the University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban, South Africa
                Author notes
                Article
                937739
                10.1080/17290376.2014.937739
                4272094
                25023208
                9e683491-3559-47c0-a2ec-cad492e86d31
                © 2014 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 63, Pages: 10
                Categories
                Original Articles

                hct,company,collectivist,group pressure,norm,south africa,cdv,entreprise,collectiviste,pression de groupe,norme,afrique du sud

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