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      A Case of Herpetic Keratitis after Subconjunctival Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection

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          Abstract

          Purpose: We report a case of herpetic epithelial keratitis that developed after subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide injection (STI). Methods: A 65-year-old female with anterior uveitis and hypotony in her right eye was given a STI (2 mg/0.5 ml). After the injection, she developed redness and an ocular discharge. A clinical examination was performed and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the viral DNA in a corneal scraping. Results: Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed a severe purulent discharge, conjunctival injection, and a geographic corneal ulcer in the right eye. Herpes simplex virus 1 DNA was identified in the corneal scraping using real-time PCR. Herpetic keratitis was diagnosed and topical acyclovir ointment as well as systemic valacyclovir were started. The inflammation subsided with this medication. Conclusion: We encountered a case of herpetic epithelial keratitis after a STI.

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          Long-term, multicenter evaluation of subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone for non-necrotizing, noninfectious anterior scleritis.

          Chitti Moorthy, Narsing Rao, Hwa-Chain Wang … (2011)
          We sought to characterize the long-term outcomes and complications of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide injection (STI) for non-necrotizing, noninfectious anterior scleritis. Retrospective, interventional, noncomparative, multicenter study. Sixty-eight eyes of 53 patients from 9 participating hospitals in the United States, Singapore, and Australia. Only eyes with 6 or more months of follow-up were included. Subconjunctival injection of 2 to 8 mg of triamcinolone acetonide was administered to eyes with non-necrotizing, noninfectious anterior scleritis. Resolution of signs and symptoms, time to recurrence of scleritis, and side effect profile. Median follow-up was 2.3 years (range, 6 months to 8.3 years). Sixty-six eyes (97.0%) experienced improvement of signs and symptoms after 1 injection. Twenty-four months after a single injection, 67.6% of eyes remained recurrence-free, whereas at 48 months, 50.2% were recurrence-free. Some 55.0% of patients who had adverse effects from systemic medications were off all systemic medications at last follow-up; 55.0% of patients who were taking systemic medications at the time of first triamcinolone acetonide injection were not taking prednisone and immunosuppressants at this time; 76.2% of patients still requiring systemic agents had associated systemic disease. Fourteen eyes (20.6%) had ocular hypertension not requiring intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering therapy. Two eyes (2.9%) were treated with topical IOP-lowering agents alone, and 2 eyes required surgical intervention for glaucoma. None developed scleral necrosis or melt. This retrospective, international study carried out at 9 hospitals suggests that STI can treat non-necrotizing, noninfectious anterior scleritis with side effects limited to elevated IOP in a few patients. Although no cases of scleral melt or necrosis were observed, we cannot definitively conclude that this may not occur after STI. Intraocular pressure should be closely monitored after STI. Subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide injection may be useful as adjuvant therapy or to decrease systemic medication burden. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references. Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
          Article 0 comments Cited 16 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide in the management of ocular inflammatory disease.

            Yannis Athanasiadis, Michael Tsatsos, Anant Sharma … (2013)
            To review the existing evidence that supports the subconjunctival use of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in the treatment of various ophthalmic diseases.
            Article 0 comments Cited 12 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Risk of hypotony in noninfectious uveitis.

              Ebenezer Daniel, Maxwell Pistilli, Siddharth S Pujari … (2012)
              We sought to describe the risk and risk factors for hypotony in a noninfectious uveitis cohort.
              Article 0 comments Cited 10 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): COP
                Journal ID (pmc): COP
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1663-2699
                Title: Case Reports in Ophthalmology
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Electronic): 1663-2699
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2014
                Publication date Collection: September – December 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 03 September 2014
                Volume: 5
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 277-280
                Affiliations
                Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
                Author notes
                *Takashi Suzuki, PhD, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 (Japan), E-Mail t-suzuki@m.ehime-u.ac.jp
                Article
                Publisher ID: 367582 Pmcid ID: PMC4209261 Other ID: Case Rep Ophthalmol 2014;5:277-280
                DOI: 10.1159/000367582
                PMC ID: PMC4209261
                PubMed ID: 25408665
                SO-VID: 9e80b137-34f5-4ad5-b813-bd47476bea55
                Copyright © © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Open Access License: This is an Open Access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC) ( http://www.karger.com/OA-license), applicable to the online version of the article only. Distribution permitted for non-commercial purposes only. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Pages: 4
                Categories
                Subject: Published: September 2014

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Vision sciences,Ophthalmology & Optometry,Pathology
                Keywords: Subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide injection,Hypotony,Anterior uveitis,Polymerase chain reaction,Herpetic keratitis
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Vision sciences, Ophthalmology & Optometry, Pathology
                Keywords: Subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide injection, Hypotony, Anterior uveitis, Polymerase chain reaction, Herpetic keratitis

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