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      Obstetric outcomes in the second birth of women with a previous caesarean delivery: a retrospective cohort study from Peru Translated title: Resultados obstétricos no segundo parto em mulheres com uma cesárea anterior: um estudo de coorte retrospectivo no Peru

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          Abstract

          PURPOSE: To examine obstetric outcomes in the second birth of women who had undergone a previous cesarean delivery. METHODS: This was a large hospital-based retrospective cohort study. We included pregnant women who had a previous delivery (vaginal or cesarean) attending their second birth from 2001 to 2009. Main inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancies and delivery between a gestation of 24 and 41 weeks. Two cohorts were selected, being women with a previous cesarean delivery (n=7,215) and those with a vaginal one (n=23,720). Both groups were compared and logistic regression was performed to adjust for confounding variables. The obstetric outcomes included uterine rupture, placenta previa, and placental-related complications such as placental abruption, preeclampsia, and spontaneous preterm delivery. RESULTS: Women with previous cesarean delivery were more likely to have adverse outcomes such as uterine rupture (OR=12.4, 95%CI 6.8-22.3), placental abruption (OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.1-2.1), preeclampsia (OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.2-1.6), and spontaneous preterm delivery (OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.1-1.7). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with previous cesarean section have adverse obstetric outcomes in the subsequent pregnancy, including uterine rupture, and placental-related disorders such as preeclampsia, spontaneous preterm delivery, and placental abruption.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados obstétricos no segundo parto de mulheres que já haviam realizado uma cesariana. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo em um hospital materno. Foram incluídas mulheres grávidas que deram à luz (vaginal ou cesárea) de 2001 a 2009. Os principais critérios de inclusão foram: mulheres com 24 a 41 semanas de gestação e com um parto prévio. Duas coortes foram selecionados, sendo uma incluindo mulheres com uma cesariana anterior (n=7.215) e outra com um parto vaginal (n=23.720). Ambos os grupos foram comparados, e uma regressão logística foi realizada para ajustar devido às variáveis de confusão. Os resultados obstétricos incluídos foram ruptura uterina, placenta prévia, complicações relacionadas com uma placentação inadequada, tais como descolamento prematuro da placenta, pré-eclâmpsia e parto prematuro espontâneo. RESULTADOS: Mulheres com uma cesariana anterior foram mais propensas a ter resultados adversos, tais como ruptura uterina (OR=12,4, IC95% 6,8-22,3), descolamento prematuro da placenta (OR=1,4, IC95% 1,1-2,1), pré-eclâmpsia (OR=1,4, IC95% 1,2-1,6) e parto prematuro espontâneo (OR=1,4, IC95% 1,1-1,7). CONCLUSÕES: Pessoas com uma cesárea anterior têm resultados obstétricos adversos na gravidez subsequente, incluindo ruptura de útero, distúrbios relacionados com uma placentação inadequada, tais como pré-eclâmpsia, parto prematuro espontâneo e descolamento prematuro da placenta.

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          Uterine rupture: risk factors and pregnancy outcome.

          This study aimed at determining risk factors and pregnancy outcome in women with uterine rupture. We conducted a population-based study, comparing all singleton deliveries with and without uterine rupture between 1988 and 1999. Uterus rupture occurred in 0.035% (n=42) of all deliveries included in the study (n=117,685). Independent risk factors for uterine rupture in a multivariable analysis were as follows: previous cesarean section (odds ratio [OR]=6.0, 95% CI 3.2-11.4), malpresentation (OR=5.4, 95% CI 2.7-10.5), and dystocia during the second stage of labor (OR=13.7, 95% CI 6.4-29.3). Women with uterine rupture had more episodes of postpartum hemorrhage (50.0% vs 0.4%, P<.01), received more packed cell transfusions (54.8% vs 1.5%, P<.01), and required more hysterectomies (26.2% vs 0.04%, P<.01). Newborn infants delivered after uterine rupture were more frequently graded Apgar scores lower than 5 at 5 minutes and had higher rates of perinatal mortality when compared with those without rupture (10.3% vs 0.3%, P<.01; 19.0% vs 1.4%, P<.01, respectively). Uterine rupture, associated with previous cesarean section, malpresentation, and second-stage dystocia, is a major risk factor for maternal morbidity and neonatal mortality. Thus, a repeated cesarean delivery should be considered among parturients with a previous uterine scar, whose labor failed to progress.
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            Implications of the first cesarean: perinatal and future reproductive health and subsequent cesareans, placentation issues, uterine rupture risk, morbidity, and mortality.

            Rates of cesarean delivery have substantially increased worldwide during the past 30 years. Indeed, almost one-third of deliveries in the United States are cesareans. Most cesareans are safe, and major complications are uncommon. However, there is a "concealed" downside to cesarean deliveries. There are rare but life-threatening morbidities that may occur, which are often overlooked because most cesareans go well. In addition, subsequent pregnancies are fraught with an increased risk of both maternal and fetal complications. The worst of these are associated with placental problems such as previa, abruption, and accreta. The risk dramatically worsens in patients with multiple repeat cesarean deliveries. This article will summarize and highlight the implications of the rising cesarean rate on maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Trends, risk factors and pregnancy outcome in women with uterine rupture.

              This study aimed at determining trends, risk factors and pregnancy outcome in women with uterine rupture. A population-based study, comparing all singleton deliveries with and without uterine rupture between 1988 and 2009 was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using a multiple logistic regression analysis. Uterine rupture occurred in 0.06% (n = 138) of all deliveries included in the study (n = 240,189); 59% in women with a previous cesarean delivery (CD). A gradual increase in the rate of uterine rupture from 1988 (0.01%) to 2009 (0.05%) was noted. Independent risk factors for uterine rupture in a multivariable analysis were: previous CD (OR = 7.4, 95% CI 5.2-10.6), preterm delivery (<37 weeks, OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.1), malpresentation (OR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.9-4.5), parity (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.3 for each birth), and dystocia during the first and second stages of labor (OR = 4.1, 95% CI 2.3-7.4 and OR = 11.2, 95% CI 6.7-18.7, respectively). Uterine rupture led to significant maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality. In another multivariable analysis, with perinatal mortality as the outcome variable uterine rupture was noted as an independent risk factor for perinatal mortality (adjusted OR = 17.7; 95% CI 10.0-31.4, P < .01). Uterine rupture, associated with previous cesarean delivery, malpresentation, and labor dystocia, is an independent risk factor for perinatal mortality.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbgo
                Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
                Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.
                Federação Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (Rio de Janeiro )
                1806-9339
                April 2013
                : 35
                : 4
                : 148-152
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Nacional Materno-Perinatal Peru
                [2 ] Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Peru
                Article
                S0100-72032013000400003
                10.1590/S0100-72032013000400003
                9ee534a1-07f4-48cc-9303-512f4b9c7a89

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-7203&lng=en
                Categories
                OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY

                Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Cesarean section,Delivery, obstetrics,Infant, newborn,Pregnancy,Pregnancy outcome,Pre-eclampsia,Obstetric labor, premature,Cesárea,Parto obstétrico,Recém-nascido,Gravidez,Resultado da gravidez,Pré-eclâmpsia,Trabalho de parto prematuro

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