The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Determines Clinical Efficacy of Corticosteroid Therapy in Patients with COVID-19

Abstract

Corticosteroid therapy is now recommended as a treatment in patients with severe COVID-19. But one key question is how to objectively identify severely ill patients who may benefit from such therapy. Here, we assigned 12,862 COVID-19 cases from 21 hospitals in Hubei Province equally to a training and a validation cohort. We found that a neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) > 6.11 at admission discriminated a higher risk for mortality. Importantly, however, corticosteroid treatment in such individuals was associated with a lower risk of 60-day all-cause mortality. Conversely, in individuals with an NLR ≤ 6.11 or with type 2 diabetes, corticosteroid treatment was not associated with reduced mortality, but rather increased risks of hyperglycemia and infections. These results show that in the studied cohort corticosteroid treatment is associated with beneficial outcomes in a subset of COVID-19 patients who are non-diabetic and with severe symptoms as defined by NLR.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

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  12,862 COVID-19 cases on corticosteroid therapy or not were retrospectively studied

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  NLR at admission is a key factor for patients with high or low risk of death

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  An NLR > 6.11 was associated with lower mortality in patients on corticosteroids

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  Corticosteroids did not reduce mortality in patients with an NLR ≤ 6.11 or with T2D

Abstract

While corticosteroid therapy is effective in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19, a quantitative clinical parameter to identify such severity and which patients would respond well to corticosteroids has not been developed. Here, Cai et al. find that a simple blood test that measures the neutrophil-to-leukocyte ratio at admission discriminates high versus low mortality risk and a better response to corticosteroid therapy.