Comparison of selected body composition parameters in women using DXA and anthropometric method

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Abstract

Background:

An excessive accumulation of the adipose tissue in women's organism is a frequent and important medical problem which should be monitored. The aim of this study was to explore correlations between the selected parameters of body composition assessed using DXA and anthropometric methods.

Materials and Methods:

The study group consisted of 50 women aged 51–85. Both adipose mass and fat-free mass were assessed with the DXA method, and the nutritional status of the participants was evaluated with the anthropometric methods.

Results:

The mean body mass index (BMI) value assessed with the DXA method amounted to 28.4 (±5.12). The Spearman's Rho correlation indicated the presence of a moderate association (0.27–0.50) between: (1) right arm lean and the circumference of the arm ( P = 0.020), forearm ( P = 0.011), and transverse cross-section of the arm ( P = 0.020), (2) right leg fat and circumference of the thigh ( P = 0.003), shin ( P = 0.009), and also the musculature index of the lower extremity ( P = 0.034), (3) visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and BMI ( P = 0.050), Waist to HeightRatio (WtHR) ( P = 0.031), (4) Android fat and WHtR ( P = 0.044), and (5) gynoid fat and Škerlj index ( P = 0.025).

Conclusion:

The selected parameters assessed with DXA were significantly correlated with the selected parameters assessed with anthropometric methods. WHtR anthropometric parameter is significantly correlated with DXA parameters: VAT mass, gynoid region % fat and android region % fat.

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Most cited references 29

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Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risk.

Ian Janssen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Robert Ross (2004)

The addition of waist circumference (WC) to body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) predicts a greater variance in health risk than does BMI alone; however, whether the reverse is true is not known. We evaluated whether BMI adds to the predictive power of WC in assessing obesity-related comorbidity. Subjects were 14 924 adult participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, grouped into categories of BMI and WC in accordance with the National Institutes of Health cutoffs. Odds ratios for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome were compared for overweight and class I obese BMI categories and the normal-weight category before and after adjustment for WC. BMI and WC were also included in the same regression model as continuous variables for prediction of the metabolic disorders. With few exceptions, overweight and obese subjects were more likely to have hypertension, dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome than were normal-weight subjects. After adjustment for WC category (normal or high), the odds of comorbidity, although attenuated, remained higher in overweight and obese subjects than in normal-weight subjects. However, after adjustment for WC as a continuous variable, the likelihood of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome was similar in all groups. When WC and BMI were used as continuous variables in the same regression model, WC alone was a significant predictor of comorbidity. WC, and not BMI, explains obesity-related health risk. Thus, for a given WC value, overweight and obese persons and normal-weight persons have comparable health risks. However, when WC is dichotomized as normal or high, BMI remains a significant predictor of health risk.

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The concurrent accumulation of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat explains the association between insulin resistance and plasma leptin concentrations : distinct metabolic effects of two fat compartments.

Miriam Cnop, Melinda Landchild, Josep Vidal … (2002)

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, particularly when body fat has a central distribution. However, insulin resistance also frequently occurs in apparently lean individuals. It has been proposed that these lean insulin-resistant individuals have greater amounts of body fat than lean insulin-sensitive subjects. Alternatively, their body fat distribution may be different. Obesity is associated with elevated plasma leptin levels, but some studies have suggested that insulin sensitivity is an additional determinant of circulating leptin concentrations. To examine how body fat distribution contributes to insulin sensitivity and how these variables are related to leptin levels, we studied 174 individuals (73 men, 101 women), a priori classified as lean insulin-sensitive (LIS, n = 56), lean insulin-resistant (LIR, n = 61), and obese insulin-resistant (OIR, n = 57) based on their BMI and insulin sensitivity index (S(I)). Whereas the BMI of the two lean groups did not differ, the S(I) of the LIR subjects was less than half that of the LIS group. The subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat areas, determined by computed tomography, were 45 and 70% greater in the LIR subjects (P < 0.001) and 2.5- and 3-fold greater in the OIR group, as compared with the LIS group. Fasting plasma leptin levels were moderately increased in LIR subjects (10.8 +/- 7.1 vs. 8.1 +/- 6.4 ng/ml in LIS subjects; P < 0.001) and doubled in OIR subjects (21.9 +/- 15.5 ng/ml; P < 0.001). Because of the confounding effect of body fat, we examined the relationships between adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and leptin concentrations by multiple regression analysis. Intra-abdominal fat was the best variable predicting insulin sensitivity in both genders and explained 54% of the variance in S(I). This inverse relationship was nonlinear (r = -0.688). On the other hand, in both genders, fasting leptin levels were strongly associated with subcutaneous fat area (r = 0.760) but not with intra-abdominal fat. In line with these analyses, when LIS and LIR subjects were matched for subcutaneous fat area, age, and gender, they had similar leptin levels, whereas their intra-abdominal fat and insulin sensitivity remained different. Thus, accumulation of intra-abdominal fat correlates with insulin resistance, whereas subcutaneous fat deposition correlates with circulating leptin levels. We conclude that the concurrent increase in these two metabolically distinct fat compartments is a major explanation for the association between insulin resistance and elevated circulating leptin concentrations in lean and obese subjects.

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Evaluation of Lunar Prodigy dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessing body composition in healthy persons and patients by comparison with the criterion 4-component model.

C. A. M. E. Wilson, Dalia Haroun, J. Williams … (2006)

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used to assess body composition in research and clinical practice. Several studies have evaluated its accuracy in healthy persons; however, little attention has been directed to the same issue in patients. The objective was to compare the accuracy of the Lunar Prodigy DXA for body-composition analysis with that of the reference 4-component (4C) model in healthy subjects and in patients with 1 of 3 disease states. A total of 215 subjects aged 5.0-21.3 y (n = 122 healthy nonobese subjects, n = 55 obese patients, n = 26 cystic fibrosis patients, and n = 12 patients with glycogen storage disease). Fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and weight were measured by DXA and the 4C model. The accuracy of DXA-measured body-composition outcomes differed significantly between groups. Factors independently predicting bias in weight, FM, FFM, and percentage body fat in multivariate models included age, sex, size, and disease state. Biases in FFM were not mirrored by equivalent opposite biases in FM because of confounding biases in weight. The bias of DXA varies according to the sex, size, fatness, and disease state of the subjects, which indicates that DXA is unreliable for patient case-control studies and for longitudinal studies of persons who undergo significant changes in nutritional status between measurements. A single correction factor cannot adjust for inconsistent biases.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Res Med Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Res Med Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): JRMS

Title: Journal of Research in Medical Sciences : The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Publisher: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )

ISSN (Print): 1735-1995

ISSN (Electronic): 1735-7136

Publication date Collection: 2019

Publication date (Electronic): 28 August 2019

Volume: 24

Electronic Location Identifier: 70

Affiliations

[1 ]Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiotherapy, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland

[2 ]Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Prof. Lidia Perenc, Institute of Physiotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16c St., 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland. E-mail: la.perenc@ 123456gmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: JRMS-24-70

DOI: 10.4103/jrms.JRMS_1021_18

PMC ID: 6734665

PubMed ID: 31523256

SO-VID: 9efde733-381b-4bde-b09d-72083b2d80b7

License:

This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

History

Date received : 03 January 2019

Date revision received : 10 April 2019

Date accepted : 31 May 2019

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Assessment of correlation between conventional anthropometric and imaging-derived measures of body fat composition: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Sofia Mouchti, Josefina Orliacq, Gillian Reeves …

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Comparison of selected body composition parameters in women using DXA and anthropometric method

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Abstract

Background:

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Most cited references 29

Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risk.

The concurrent accumulation of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat explains the association between insulin resistance and plasma leptin concentrations : distinct metabolic effects of two fat compartments.

Evaluation of Lunar Prodigy dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessing body composition in healthy persons and patients by comparison with the criterion 4-component model.

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