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      Video-assisted thoracic surgery reduces early postoperative stress. A single-institutional prospective randomized study

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          Abstract

          Background

          Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has been shown to effectively reduce postoperative pain, enhance mobilization of the patients, shorten in-hospital length of stay, and minimize postoperative morbidity rates. The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate neuroendocrine and respiratory parameters as stress markers in cancer patients who underwent lung wedge resections, using both mini muscle-sparing thoracotomy and VATS approach.

          Methods

          The patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A (n=30) involved patients who were operated on using the VATS approach, while in group B (n=30), the mini muscle-sparing thoracotomy approach was used. Neuroendocrine and biological variables assessed included blood glucose levels, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, cortisol, epinephrine, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels. Arterial oxygen (PaO 2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) partial pressure were also evaluated. All parameters were measured at the following time points: 24 hours preoperatively (T 1), 4 hours (T 2), 24 hours (T 3), 48 hours (T 4), and 72 hours (T 5), after the procedure.

          Results

          PaO 2 levels were significantly higher 4 and 24 hours postoperatively in group A vs group B, respectively (T 2: 94.3 vs 77.9 mmHg, P=0.015, T 3: 96.4 vs 88.7 mmHg, P=0.034). Blood glucose (T 2: 148 vs 163 mg/dL, P=0.045, T 3: 133 vs 159 mg/dL, P=0.009) and CRP values (T 2: 1.6 vs 2.5 mg/dL, P=0.024, T 3: 1.5 vs 2.1 mg/dL, P=0.044) were found increased in both groups 4 and 24 hours after the procedure. However, their levels were significantly lower in the VATS group of patients. ACTH and cortisol values were elevated immediately after the operation and became normal after 48 hours in both groups, without significant difference. Postoperative epinephrine levels measured in group A vs group B, respectively, (T 2: 78.9 vs 115.6 ng/L, P=0.007, T 3: 83.4 vs 122.5 ng/L, P=0.012, T 4: 67.4 vs 102.6 ng/L, P=0.021). The levels were significantly higher in group B.

          Conclusion

          This study confirmed that minimally invasive thoracic surgery, by means of VATS, significantly reduces the acute-phase response and surgical stress, while enables better postoperative oxygenation.

          Most cited references15

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          Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is more favorable than thoracotomy for resection of clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer.

          Lobectomy for patients with clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be performed by thoracotomy or by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). We compared the operative characteristics and postoperative course for patients with clinical stage I NSCLC who underwent lobectomy by VATS or thoracotomy. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients undergoing lobectomy for clinical stage I NSCLC from January 1, 1998, through June 30, 2005. We performed 147 lobectomies (88 thoracotomy, 59 VATS) in 147 patients with clinical stage I NSCLC. Patient demographics were similar between groups; however, VATS patients had more hypertension (p = 0.0114), chronic renal insufficiency (p = 0.0479), and previous malignancies (p = 0.0086). The two groups did not differ in pathologic stage, tumor size, histologic results, or number of positive nodes. More total nodes were identified in thoracotomy patients (p = 0.0001), and they had a shorter intensive care unit stay (p = 0.0224). VATS patients had significantly less postoperative pneumonia (p = 0.0023). VATS patients trended toward fewer chest tube days and a shorter hospital length of stay. The two groups did not differ in operative time, blood loss, atrial fibrillation, or number of ventilator days. Median survival between the cohorts was similar (>7.9 years thoracotomy versus >4.6 years VATS, log-rank p = 0.6939). Patients undergoing VATS lobectomy for clinical stage I NSCLC, despite having more comorbidities, had fewer postoperative complications. The approaches are equivalent in operative time, blood loss, length of stay, and survival rate. Compared with thoracotomy, VATS lobectomy for patients with clinical stage I NSCLC appears to be a less morbid operation.
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            A metaanalysis of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with cirrhosis.

            Few articles address the issue of LC in patients with cirrhosis. Existing articles are retrospective and with small sample sizes, which makes it difficult to draw conclusions about indications and complications with LC in this setting. An extensive search of the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases using the terms "laparoscopic cholecystectomy" and "cirrhosis" or "cirrhotic" was conducted. The data from each study were extracted, combined with those of similar studies, and analyzed. Twenty-five publications (400 patients with cirrhosis undergoing LC) from 1993 to 2001 were identified. Four articles compared LC with open cholecystectomy in patients with cirrhosis, and six compared patients with cirrhosis to patients without cirrhosis. Patients were primarily in Child-Pugh class A or B, with only six patients in Child-Pugh class C. Compared with patients without cirrhosis, patients with cirrhosis had higher conversion rates (7.06% versus 3.64%, p = 0.024), operative times (98.2 minutes versus 70 minutes, p = 0.005), bleeding complications (26.4% versus 3.1%, p < 0.001), and overall morbidity (20.86% versus 7.99%, p < 0.001). Acute cholecystitis was evident in 47% of patients with cirrhosis versus 14.7% of patients without cirrhosis (p < 0.001). When LC was compared with open cholecystectomy in patients with cirrhosis, LC was associated with less operative blood loss (113 mL versus 425.2 mL, p = 0.015), operative time (123.3 minutes versus 150.2 minutes, p < 0.042), and length of hospital stay (6 days versus 12.2 days, p < 0.001). Patients with cirrhosis undergo cholecystectomies for more emergent reasons and have higher morbidity. The laparoscopic approach offers advantages of less blood loss, shorter operative time, and shorter length of hospitalization in patients with cirrhosis. Prospective studies will establish which factors affect outcomes and determine the appropriateness of LC in Child's-Pugh class C cirrhosis.
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              • Article: not found

              Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy achieves a satisfactory long-term prognosis in patients with clinical stage IA lung cancer.

              We designed a prospective trial to determine the long-term prognosis of video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy versus conventional lobectomy for patients with clinical stage IA (T1N0M0) lung cancer. Between January 1993 and June 1994, 100 consecutive patients with clinical stage IA non-small cell lung carcinoma underwent either conventional lobectomy through an open thoracotomy (open group; n = 52) or VATS lobectomy (VATS group; n = 48). Lymph node dissections were performed in a similar manner in both groups. No significant differences were observed in the number of dissected lymph nodes between the 2 groups. Pathologic N1 and N2 disease was found in 3 and 1 patients, respectively, from the open group, and in 2 and 1 patients, respectively, from the VATS group. During the follow-up period, distant metastases and local or regional recurrences developed in 7 and 3 of the open group patients, respectively, and in 2 and 3 of the VATS group patients, respectively. Two and one of the open and VATS group patients developed second primary cancers, respectively. The overall survival rates 5 years after surgery were 85% and 90% in the open and VATS groups, respectively (log-rank test, p = 0.74; generalized Wilcoxon test, p = 0.91). VATS lobectomy with lymph node dissection achieved an excellent 5-year survival, similar to that achieved by the conventional approach.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Ther Clin Risk Manag
                Ther Clin Risk Manag
                Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
                Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
                Dove Medical Press
                1176-6336
                1178-203X
                2016
                12 January 2016
                : 12
                : 59-65
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Thoracic Surgery, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
                [2 ]Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Saint Luke Private Hospital, Panorama, Thessaloniki, Greece
                [3 ]Nuclear Medicine Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
                [4 ]Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, “G Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
                [5 ]Medical Clinic I, “Fuerth” Hospital, University of Erlangen, Fuerth, Germany
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Paul Zarogoulidis, Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, “G Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Exohi 1100 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece, Tel +30 697 727 1974, Fax +30 231 099 2424, Email pzarog@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                tcrm-12-059
                10.2147/TCRM.S95235
                4716756
                26834478
                9f3f483a-9774-47d1-b4e4-3fcb8db6f5eb
                © 2016 Asteriou et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

                The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

                History
                Categories
                Original Research

                Medicine
                vats,stress,markers,randomized controlled trial (rct)
                Medicine
                vats, stress, markers, randomized controlled trial (rct)

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