12
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Determination of Epiphyseal Union Age in the Knee and Hand Joints Bones among the Saudi Population in Taif City

      research-article
      ,
      Radiology Research and Practice
      Hindawi

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Introduction

          The use of radiographic data for determination of age, according to the epiphyseal union stage, is a widely accepted method and considered scientifically approved. The aim of the present work is to estimate the age of epiphyseal union of hand and knee joints bones among Saudi population in Taif City.

          Subjects and Method

          A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Armed Forces Hospitals (4 hospitals) in Taif City. The five-stage method was used for the union assessment.

          Results

          A total of 473 patients' X-ray images were involved. Approximately three-quarters of the knee and hand images were males' images (77.25% and 75.41%, resp.). The means of age of stage 3 (age of recent union) in the knee joint were 23.63 ± 3.12 and 21.19 ± 3.41 in males and females, respectively, and 19.84 ± 3.47 and 17.19 ± 1.61 in hand joints for males and females, respectively. There were significant differences between males and females in the means of age for stages 1, 3, and 4 at the knee joint plates and for stages 0, 2, and 3 in the hand joint plates ( P values were <0.05). However, by comparing the mean of age for each stage with the previous stage mean in males and females, there was a significant difference between stages 0–4 ( P values ≤ 0.0001, ≤0.001, <0.0001, and <0.001, resp.) and stages 2 and 3 ( P value = 0.012) in knee joint images for males and females, respectively. In addition, there were significant differences between stages 2–4 in hand joints for males and females ( P values ≤ 0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001, and <0.0001, resp.) and stages 0 and 1 for males only ( P value = 0.002).

          Conclusion and Recommendation

          This study suggests that the union of epiphyses of knees and hands in Taif City occurs later than other places. More studies must be done with female samples.

          Related collections

          Most cited references25

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Forensic age estimation in living individuals using 3.0 T MRI of the distal femur.

          To increase the reliability of forensic age estimations in living adolescents and young adults where there is no legitimation for X-ray examinations, it would be desirable to establish radiation-free imaging methods. In the present study, the ossification stage of the distal femoral epiphysis was determined retrospectively in 166 male and 124 female individuals in the age group 10 to 30 years using 3.0T MRI. When evaluating the ossification stage, a combination of the classifications proposed by Schmeling et al. and by Kellinghaus et al. was used. Within the study population, stages 3b, 3c and 4 did not occur in the male sex before the 14th birthday, although the validity of the results is distinctly limited relative to stage 3b in view of the small number of cases. In females, stages 3c and 4 did not occur before the 14th birthday. Stage 4 did not occur in males before the 18th birthday. Should this result be confirmed in future studies, there would be an additional criterion providing evidence that the age of 18 years has been completed.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            A method to establish the relationship between chronological age and stage of union from radiographic assessment of epiphyseal fusion at the knee: an Irish population study.

            Characteristic changes during epiphyseal union provide a skeletal age, which when compared with age-based standards provides an estimation of chronological age. Currently there are no data on epiphyseal union for the purposes of age estimation specific to an Irish population. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the relationship between stage of epiphyseal union at the knee joint and chronological age in a modern Irish population. A novel radiographic method that sub-divides the continuum of development into five specific stages of union is presented. Anteroposterior and lateral knee radiographs of 148 males and 86 females, aged 9-19 years, were examined. Fusion was scored as Stage 0, non-union; Stage 1, beginning union; Stage 2, active union; Stage 3, recent union; or Stage 4, complete union. Stage of epiphyseal union is correlated with chronological age in both males and females. Mean age gradually increases with each stage of union and also varies between male and female subjects. A statistically significant difference in mean age was recorded between stages when compared to the previous stage, for the three epiphyses. Irish children are comparable to those from previously published studies with epiphyseal union in females occurring earlier than males. A significant difference was noted between the mean age of union for males and females for each of Stages 1 and 2 for the femur and Stages 0, 1, 2 and 3 for the tibia and the fibula. The results also suggest that the stages of union occur at earlier ages in this Irish population. Implementation of standardized methodology is necessary to investigate if this is due to a secular or population variation in maturation or to a methodology which clearly identifies five stages of union.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Comparison of ages of epiphyseal union in North American and Bosnian skeletal material.

              The accurate determination of age at death is a critical component in the analysis of human skeletal remains. Population specific techniques are often used without due consideration of the provenance of the material being studied. This communication considers the ages at which epiphyseal union occur in young Bosnian males and compares those findings to data published by McKern and Stewart on young North American soldiers killed during the Korean War. Of the ten epiphyses considered in this study, all elements were observed to be at least two years in advance in the Bosnian sample compared to the American sample. This article demonstrates that whilst standards based on an American sample produce broadly applicable age ranges for use on forensic work in the Balkans, the age ranges generated produce an upper age limit that is often two or more years older than the chronological age. Therefore, it is desirable, that wherever possible, appropriate standards should be devised for more accurate aging reflecting population specific profiles.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Radiol Res Pract
                Radiol Res Pract
                RRP
                Radiology Research and Practice
                Hindawi
                2090-1941
                2090-195X
                2018
                20 May 2018
                : 2018
                : 7854287
                Affiliations
                Medical College, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Paul Sijens

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9529-4803
                Article
                10.1155/2018/7854287
                5985073
                29888003
                9f4a0ebf-5f4b-42fc-a041-c7f9ad0b9f59
                Copyright © 2018 Majed O. Aljuaid and Osama R. El-Ghamry.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 6 October 2017
                : 19 January 2018
                : 14 March 2018
                Categories
                Research Article

                Radiology & Imaging
                Radiology & Imaging

                Comments

                Comment on this article